How to Become a CCIE With Little or No Experience in Cisco

So you want to grow to be 1 of the elite CCIEs (Cisco Certified Internetwork Engineer). This certification is extremely reputed worldwide and there are only about 100,000 CCIEs in the planet. I have recognized folks with just a CCIE in California, USA commence at an annual salary of $80,000 a year with no knowledge. CCIEs with up to ten years of expertise earn around $200,000 or much more a year. The certification is deemed a specialist degree in networks and it is a ticket to a vibrant future in high-paying profession. The very good news is, you do not need a college degree to turn into a CCIE, and the rewards are like getting a Pc Science degree from one of the elite schools in the USA.

Receiving began can be overwhelming, but going over the CCIE blueprint that Cisco delivers on-line will answer all of your questions. The blueprint gives a list of topics to study and provides you suggested books to study. You will get a full list of Cisco supplies to study and a list of Cisco equipment they use to study for the lab.

Let's get started on becoming a CCIE with tiny or no experience. The extremely initial step is to get your Cisco Certified Network Associate CCNA certification test quantity 640-802. This is the 1st prerequisite ahead of you can take the CCIE lab test. I recommend reading the Cisco Certified Network Associate study guide by Todd Lammle and acquire the CCIE Lab workbooks from Ipexpert.com. I have utilized these books in the previous with significantly accomplishment. You will also need to have to buy a CCNA simulator to practice for the test and some CCNA and CCIE written brain dumps you can find these by searching on the internet. CCIE written test quantity 350-001 is the final step before taking the lab and there are lots of brain dumps on line to assist you pass this test in a quite quick time.

Considering that you are on the fantastic adventure of acquiring the elite CCIE, you need to say goodbye to your social life and comprehensive the CCNA test within a week and the CCIE written test the second week. This is what Cisco instruction partners teach in the one week instruction class and this is what I did to pass the test.

Following the very first step, you ought to have a great grasp on understanding Cisco gear and all these specific IT protocols you have to know to be capable to pass the CCIE test. The next step is to focus on the CCIE lab test by reading the CCIE blueprint that is situated on the Cisco internet site. By now you know the lab test is eight hours long and all hands on. The only way you are going to pass this lab with tiny or no knowledge is to build your own residence lab. If you are on a tight price range, then my recommendation is a minimum of five routers and 1 switch. The cheapest you can go is the Cisco 2610 series hardware operating native IOS firewall. I have seen Cisco 2610 on eBay priced less than $200. You can save a lot of cash by not acquiring routers with Fast Ethernet connections or interfaces, just keep with the 2610 series.

OK, all of your gear is in spot, and all you have to do is start practicing for the lab. I advise the lab workbooks from Ipexpert. I have identified these workbooks simple to realize and every thing they teach pretty a lot follows what is going to be on the actual CCIE lab test. Obviously, when you practice with your workbooks, you should comprehend why you are configuring the equipment this way. I have found it valuable to join a couple of CCIE communities. There are a lot of CCIE candidates out there and you can learn to study with each other. I have identified most of my queries and answers from these communities. After you complete all workbooks from Ipexpert, you fairly a lot just have to operate on your speed when you are configuring your routers. Get use to the lab flow and try to boost your speed, practice this till you can comprehensive all workbooks in significantly less than four hours. Once you accomplish this then you are prepared for the lab. Great luck, be patient, and you will be one of the elite CCIEs.

AJ Brantley is a Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), Cisco Certified Network Specialist (CCNP), Microsoft Certified Technique Engineer (MCSE) and completed his Cisco Certified Internetwork Engineer (CCIE Written) with over twenty years of IT expertise. He is also presently enrolled in the Master's Degree in Entrepreneurship Plan at Western Carolina University. Webmasters and other article publishers are hereby granted report reproduction permission as long as this write-up in its entirety, author's data, and any hyperlinks stay intact. Copyright 2011 by AJ Brantley.

CCNA, CCNP, and Cisco Security Practice Exam Questions - OSPF Stub Areas, Switches, and More!

To aid you prepare for total good results on your Cisco certification exams, right here are some complimentary practice exam inquiries. Answers are posted at the end of the article. Enjoy!

CCNA Certification And CCENT Certification:

A Cisco switch can take a single of three actions with an incoming frame. Name all three and describe under what conditions every single action would take place.

CCNA Safety Certification / CCNP ISCW Exam:

What is SDEE, and what do we use it for?

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

OSPF Total Stub areas can contain which of the following OSPF route sorts?

A. O
B. O IA
C. O* IA
D. O N1
E. O N2

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

What command will enable a Cisco switch to accept only secure remote connections? Where must this command be placed?

CCNP / ONT Exam:

What is the difference in between the two options shown under by IOS Support? What is the objective of each and every?

R1(config)#int s0/
R1(config-if)#auto ?
discovery Configure Auto Discovery
qos Configure AutoQoS

Right here are the answers!

CCNA / CCENT Answer: If the switch\'s MAC table has no entry for the location MAC address of the frame, the frame will be flooded - that is, a copy of the frame is sent out every single port except the one particular it came in on.

If the switch\'s MAC table does have an entry for the destination MAC address, and the source and location are shown to be off various ports on the switch, the frame is unicast - sent out only the port leading to the destination address.

If the switch\'s MAC table has an entry for the location MAC, and the supply and location are shown to be off the very same port, the frame is filtered by the switch - it really is not forwarded in any way.

CCNA Security / ISCW Exam Answer: SDEE (Security Device Event Exchange) is an application-layer protocol that permits the exchange of messages in between an IPS server and client. SDEE pulls logs from our routers, and these logs can be viewed in SDM.

BSCI Answer: Here\'s a quick assessment of the OSPF route varieties the different stub area types can contain:

Stub places can contain O, O IA, and O* IA routes.
Total stub regions can include O and O* IA routes only.
NSSAs can contain O, O IA, O N2, O* N2, O N1, and O* N1 routes.

BCMSN Answer: Just put the transport input ssh command on the VTY lines.

ONT Answer: Answer: Enabling Auto Discovery will start the process of discovering the visitors varieties and flows on that interface the auto qos command starts the approach of creating and applying the MQC-based policy.

Appear for more practice exams and tutorials on my web site as nicely as the one particular you happen to be on now!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Benefit, property of cost-free CCNA Security exam concerns and tutorials.

Get your CCNA with this specific offer you from The Bryant Advantage!

How Will the Present Economy Affect Employee Certification Training

Desperate occasions normally bring out the creativity in the human particular person. Poverty is said to be the mother of all invention. The present financial imbroglio is unnerving to the IT skilled. The signs are blatantly displayed that there is a uneasiness in the technologies globe. I\'ve had the opportunity to interact with a group of workers who are currently in limbo following learning that their business was bought out by a corporate giant. Oh yes, the days of getting safe in your IT job are gone. The skilled has to make himself or herself beneficial to the stakeholder. That acronym rings via, ROI. Becoming an active observer for the past eleven years, I totally recognize and support the posture of the selection makers as regards maximizing their instruction dollar. I have witnessed abuse by a minority of workers who viewed education as a day off. Just a way to be off the job. I have noticed the majority of employees truly working to attain professional advancement and then not rewarded for their work. In some cases it was just wastage of training dollars, the income had to be used up ahead of the next year or the department would drop it. Goodbye to these days.

The days of the straightforward release of instruction dollars for staff by employers are over. No longer will workers be permitted to peruse the corridors of instruction institutions with impunity. The present economic turmoil has sealed that door. The need for certified employees is nevertheless a high priority but with the uncertainty of the business atmosphere, these dollars are not going to be wasted. The huge words, RETURN ON INVESTMENT! The adult/learner/employee has to evaluate the demands of the organization to which they are affiliated and go for it.

Every single organization enterprise that is connected to the internet has one main concern, Security! Not only are these organizations tightening their approach to details security but they are, in some circumstances, mandated to display to stakeholders, their safety posture. Compliance laws, directives and regulations like HIPAA, SOX,and Gramm-Leach-Bliley has created it a matter of effective or failing company ventures. Today the typical network employee is getting exposed to a complete new every day jargon. Privacy, confidentiality, integrity, availability, due care, due diligence, prudent particular person and on and on. The properly-known network compromises of the last decade has developed an atmosphere that defines territory. Networks are already in location. They have been designed with speed and availability as the priority service. Not security. The old 80/20 rule of networking no longer applies. The evolution of communication from closed to open has redefined networks. A couple of years ago, you would see a handful of network security books on the shelves. Nowadays there are books on Security+ Certified Ethical Hacking Data Forensics, CISSP just to mention a few. The employee/stakeholder has lastly accepted the truth that network staff is in a battle for handle. The bad dudes are out there. Networks devices, applications, processes are all vulnerable ( verify the SANS.org vulnerability list).

Most students I\'ve met, have the needed expertise of IT. The deviation is moving into the safety field. What I adore about it is that it is dynamic. There is a new challenge every day. The Safety + certification ( Comptia) is a phenomenal begin. This plan introduces the student to basic concepts of info security. Cisco has not too long ago created the CCNA Security specialization. SANS has some great classes, so does Planet three for the WiFi heads. The require for qualified safety personnel is overwhelming, this presents an chance for the severe networker to advance his/her career and be rewarded for it.

Keith \"KC\" Charles
CWNA/CWSP/CWNT/CTT

Wall Street to Main Street: News, Views and Commentary: April 5, 2006

It's Wednesday April five, 2006, the initial quarter of the year has ended and institutions have been shifting their funds about because its that time of the year. Some of the big movers are in the financial market such as Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS), considering that January of this year the stock has made tremendous movement from the $127.00 variety to exactly where it closed on Tuesday at $161.00. This is a business that is still trading about 30 to 40 points below where its prospective is, bare in thoughts that Investment Banking, mergers and acquisitions are in full swing, and this is exactly where they make their massive funds. One more organization is Lehman Brothers (NYSE: LEH) they have jumped from the $128.00 variety in January to $147.13 exactly where it closed on Tuesday, for the same cause as Goldman Sachs and the stock nonetheless has legs to make additional movement.

Merrill Lynch (NYSE: MER) is practically nothing to sneeze at either as the business has seen upside movement going from $67.95 in early January to where it closed on Tuesday at $80.33. So this is an business that investors may want to continue to look at. One organization that has not faired as properly is Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) that moved 6 points in the past 3 months.

Shuffle Master

Now to a stock that we have pointed out numerous instances on "Wall Street to Main Street" , back when it was at $25.00 and that is Shuffle Master (NASDAQ: SHFL), over the past few weeks the stock has climbed from the $25.00 range to the $35.00 range breaking its 52 week high , this is amidst various downgrades and doubts. I'm not going to go into the history of Shuffle Master, when it when it went public and traded in the single digits, but I am going to inform you that the organization has the prospective to trade greater as United States based casinos start off to expand in Asia. This will continue to be a huge boost for the company's items such as their nicely known card shufflers and their poker, blackjack, baccarat and pai gow poker-primarily based table games. The CEO Mark Yoseloff is guiding the business in the appropriate path and has been doing a excellent job, so investors may possibly want to take a look at Shuffle Master.

SonicWall

Net safety is a huge situation and has been for some time now, businesses like Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) have been coming up with solutions to shield web users. 1 company that specializes in network safety options for little to mid size organizations is SonicWall (NASDAQ: SNWL), the company's Internet safety infrastructure goods supply safe World wide web access to each wired and wireless broadband clients. Now the stock has come down from $eight.74 where it was back in January 2006 and went as low at $6.52 in February, slowly but surely the stock has creeped up back to $7.71, exactly where it closed yesterday. Now the firm has focused on only little to mid-size organizations to date, but with their recent acquisition of Mailfrontier may have the organization eyeing the house network marketplace. This is a wide open market and with far more individuals setting up house networks this could give SonicWall tremendous growth potential. Bare in mind that chances are that more than one particular member of the family uses the World wide web, so placing in a wireless residence network becomes the straightforward resolution. But security has been an concern and we think that SonicWall has a resolution for the property network market. So with a 52 week low of $4.93 and a 52 week high of $eight.82 you might want to choose your entry point.

Netflix Sues Blockbuster

Netflix (NASDAQ: NFLX) has joined the patent infringement-suing spree as they have filed a lawsuit against Blockbuster (NYSE: BBI) for patent infringement. They are petitioning a Northern California court to shut down Blockbusters on-line rental service and award Netflix damages. Apparently Netflix was granted a patent in regards to the how buyers rent DVD's from Netflix and if you look at it, Blockbuster is attempting to do the exact same factor. With Carl Icahn in the image some deal may be struck that could aid the struggling Blockbuster that is trading at $three.90 a far cry from their glory days when the business was run correctly.

Stocks to Watch

Here are 3 other organizations that you ought to know about they are Informatica (NASDAQ: INFA) the stock is close to its 52 week higher of $17.07.

Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery (NASDAQ: PCOP) is attempting to create a new base in the $five.25 to $five.50 range, the 52 week higher is $6.31 and the stock is thinly traded. So the problem here has been a lack of interest from the economic community, well the CEO Dr. Leslie Browne is set to present in front of a handful of economic conferences over the course of April, which may support get the ball rolling in the appropriate direction.

Sigmatel (NASDAQ: SGTL), the stock has slid from a 52 week higher of $36.49 to exactly where it closed on Tuesday $eight.91. They are involved in the multimedia semiconductor business, they not too long ago slapped a lawsuit on the Korean business Telechips for patent infringement. Now this is a stock that has been overlooked and oversold, the focus has been on Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) and Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE: AMD) in that sector, but now investors need to have to look at Sigmatel. Due to the fact in the single digit variety the stock is a bargain. Technology is advancing quickly so the multimedia semiconductor industry is wide open even although the significant players make it appear not to be so.

We cannot anxiety sufficient that investors require to do their due diligence, contact the organizations, get the details, consult with your investment advisor and if you do not have 1 contemplate getting one. Place the same time into investigating these businesses as you do when you go to acquire a new tv, it's only for your protection.

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Why Should You Avoid Getting a Braindump Certification?

Usually speaking, Braindumps refers to lists of queries and answers from an actual IT certification exam. This unsafe, illegal and unethical trend is like a plague to IT profession as well as sector.

Using unfair signifies in examinations is one of the chronic troubles all over the world that has been drastically facilitated by the resources wealthy Web in this details age. Men and women who are searching for shortcuts use braindumps (or they are innocently sucked in by braindump sharks) for instant achievement and may possibly be a job but in vain.

Let us go into a little specifics. As per Wikipedia, the frequently utilised phrase braindump refers to numerous things. "In the IT market, a 'braindump', normally spelled as a compound word braindump, refers to material that has been memorized, or captured electronically by indicates of a little device such as a PDA or cell telephone with a constructed in camera, from an IT certification and re-designed to give an nearly exact replica of the exam, thus violating most but not all non-disclosure agreements agreed to prior to the administration of an exam." It is in the IT Industry milieu, that we want to see what are braindumps.

Braindumps brazenly provide a set of concerns and answers to candidates. By carrying out this, on the one particular hand they insult to the capabilities and sense of responsibility of IT certification agencies and on the other hand, they disallow the candidates to obtain the needed skill and allow them to settle for a certificate with out finding out.

A swift search reveals that there are a lot of Braindumps internet sites and options claiming to "assist" candidates to get any IT certifications. A lot more are coming up each and every day.

The term 'Braindump' (Braindump IT Certification) was utilised as far back, during IT boom time, as 1995. Their mushrooming development and mass circulation on a quite huge scale has, however, stated only following 1997.

How to cease braindumps? It is not simple task for a individual looking to further his level of IT skilled abilities. The technologies that helps human in practically all human activities also help Braindumps providers to come in diverse guise to lure those who are eagerly hunting to get IT certifications. But if a single looks at braindumps' sites deeply, one particular can notice exception to rules, more promises for 100 % pass guarantee, or use of the term (BRAINDUMP, BRAIN DUMP, Brain-Dump, braindumps) in one particular form or the other.

What is more, there are some website obtainable on the Web that apparently are anti Braindumps. They say every thing to avoid these "Braindumps" only to get the appropriate questions and answers from them instead. Yes.

Clearly, the users and the IT business both are the losers in this tug of war. Folks employing Braindumps can shed their certifications, might be banned from any additional certifications, and they do not understand. At the exact same time, IT Business is getting devalued and the result is a dearth of knowledgeable IT pros who have studied difficult to attain the expertise and are capable to provide.

Braindumps in the initial location defeats the basic objective of the exercise of certification. Spending time and efforts in such unhealthy pursuit is unproductive and wear down business standards. The practice impairs the braindump users to consider logically, construct personal arguments, and draw inferences. "Probably, they can produce better benefits if they spend the same time and energies creatively and let their personal analytical faculties operate."

Another unintended outcome of braindumps certification is that the legal IT finding out properties and certification providers are losing credibility in the approach. When any braindumps certified person comes out in the practical planet and cannot carry out as expected, everyone righty concerns the certifying institutions, notwithstanding how an individual got that qualification.

The unproductive physical exercise can go on and on. Unless, possibly, both certification agencies and candidates arrive at a point where agencies can trust candidates and candidates guard the trust, but the certification agencies have to come with an iron hand to save the brain drain. They can make a component of the certification exam as practical at situ by opening up distinct examination centres about the world.

My recommendation: remain clear from braindump certifications and select the clear path to excellence by way of knowledge and challenging operate.

www.FreeTechExams.com is a central resource for men and women who are searching for totally free CCNA Practice Exams and Study Guide. Read more about CCNA Braindumps and MCSE Braindumps.

Cisco Network Management Software

Cisco is a organization that was founded by a modest group of personal computer scientists at Stanford University and has grown to have more than 65,225 staff worldwide.

The business is focused on helping people to make strong connections in business, education, philanthropy, creativity, or any venue that they determine to pursue. They have been the leaders in the improvement of IP based networking technologies which indicates they aid to develop the web even further then it already is.

The advanced technologies that Cisco is a part of in addition to the development of their Cisco network management software are application networking, data centers, digital media, IPICS which is Cisco IP Interoperability and Communications Program, mobility, security, storage networking, telepresence, unified communications, video, and virtualization.

The Cisco network management software program can come in numerous different versions. There is the Information Center Management, IP Communications Management, Network Evaluation and Organizing management, Network Configuration and Alter Management, Network Management Services Modules, Optical Management, and Routing and Switching Management.

Other network management software program includes Security and Identity Management, Video, Cable and Content Delivery Management, and Wireless Access Management. Inside all these titles of the Cisco network management is a list of several software program titles that can be purchased from the business Cisco. There are so many kinds of the Cisco computer software in order to give customization to each and every and every single business that wants network management.

Cisco understands that all organizations do not want the exact same kind of Cisco network management software so they have a lot of educated employees that can operate with a organizations IT department to analyze and decide precisely the appropriate software package that is proper for that business.

Cisco can produce a network program that integrates each and every and every single little aspect of a company from the management of the operations to the management of the registrar. These Cisco network management tools will let the firm to automate, simplify, and integrate their network to decrease operational charges and boost the more than all productivity of their business.

Cisco will support any organization create their Cisco network management computer software package to match their requirements and their extremely reliable and knowledgeable staff will be there every single step of the way to make certain that the software gets embedded correctly and operates properly for the business. Source: Networkmanagementsys.com [http://www.networkmanagementsys.com], Louis Zhang.

Find out how Network Management Method NMS [http://www.networkmanagementsys.com] tools can help you automate, simplify and lessen fees even though increasing productivity at Networkmanagementsys dot com

Getting the Most Out of Your Cisco Certification Study

This dominance of Cisco certifications in networking is undeniable and presses upon the require of thinking about a couple of factors even though pursuing any of the Cisco certifications. The paramount factor in this view is the good quality of certification training that you choose for oneself. Productive Cisco experts of today have it for anyone interested, "Correct education plus a great deal of lab practice is the key to remain at the helm of job industry".

One particular beneficial way to learn and assess your Cisco knowledge is on the internet certification resources. Speaking of the typical instruction, it offers you ample possibilities to get your self proficient in all the fields of CCNA, CCIE, CCNP or other Cisco cert exams. However, it would not be of a lot advantage if 1 cannot receive a certification soon after placing a lot of challenging perform and expenses into it.

Standard coaching alone does not guarantee that you are going to actually come out as a winner in the Cisco examination. For true accomplishment, you need to have to make certain that you are familiar with the genuine sort questions and answers that you recognize your strengths as effectively as weaknesses and that you have extensively worked on your weak areas, just before taking the exam. How can you do all that? It really is the on-line Cisco practice and training resources that can render the greatest aid right here.

When you think of going for on the internet Cisco exams components, don't neglect to attempt Exam Sheets.net, the business leader with a decade of encounter. The website is trusted for the top quality of its practice and training resources on all the Cisco certifications exams and low-priced Saving Packs. They also offer you free sample downloads so that you get thoroughly happy with what you are going to purchase.

Searching for detailed cost-free suggestions on how to pass your subsequent exam from a person who has been there? Well, for far more excellent tips on Cisco Certification Exam, including the best techniques to study for your subsequent exam pay a visit to http://www.examsheets.net.

You Need to Read This Before Getting a CCNA Certification

Whether or not by accident or by design, Cisco Systems has become really profitable in creating a demand for its profession certification that continues to prove to be desired and sought soon after by many firms.

Why Get A CCNA Certification?

Outdoors of the reality that Cisco Systems has 1 of the biggest industry shares in the internetworking hardware vertical, earning a CCNA certification tells a potential employer that you are the correct person to develop, configure and keep their network.

Need a greater reason? According to current report released by Forrester Consulting, there is a expanding and persistent want for talent with networking capabilities to serve a number of functions in the IT space. This study recommended the following growth trends:

1. 36% of the companies interviewed have a committed wireless role now, but 66% of the organizations profiled expected to have this specialist job part in the next five years.


2. 80% of companies surveyed expect IT Safety job roles will be prevalent in their firms in the next 5 years (compared to 46% nowadays).


3. 40% of the firms polled have a devoted voice specialist role, but this is anticipated to enhance to 69% inside five years.

Standard Job Roles For Certified CCNA Experts

Right here are some of the typical job roles that would think about the CCNA certification a pre-requisite:

• Wireless support specialist


• WLAN project manager


• Security engineers focused on wireless networks


• Wireless technician/help technicians


• Network administrator


• System Analyst


• Network Assistance Expert


• Network Engineer


• Network Technician


• Help Engineer


• Systems Engineer


• Network Consultant


• Cisco Technology Trainer


• Technical Support Engineer

What Can I Expect To Earn As A CCNA?

Clearly the answer to this question depends on a lot of elements---variables like actual planet expertise, tenure and where you reside to name a few, but CCNA certification can offer a significant benefit in the technology industry.

With that said, here are some statistics:

1. According to Payscale.com, a CCNA certification would yield a median annual salary of between 50,000 to 84,000 depending on job role.


2. That an internetworking expert with 10+ years, can count on to earn a median annual salary of 80,000.


3. That CCNA professional would get higher financial rewards in the healthcare/hospital vertical (as a contract CCNA professional, you could count on to earn a median annual salary of 68,000).


4. That your income possibilities improve with the size of the company you perform for.

* Source: Payscale.com

Employment Prospects For Certified CCNA Pros

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment prospects for computer support specialists and systems administrators is expected to enhance by 18 % from 2006 to 2016, which is a lot more rapidly than the typical for most occupations.

For active job listings for these that have the CCNA certification, please verify out Certainly.com or JuJu.com.

H. Scott Miller is a learning consulting skilled, National Account Manager for MLT/Instructing Technologies and he specializes in assisting folks and organizations with their Cisco certified training requirements nationwide.

To learn more about how I can help you or your organization with its Cisco and other market recognized certification preparation and/or information-based instruction and finding out objectives, feel free of charge to Get in touch with ME.

The Advantages of Official Microsoft and Cisco Certification Training Courses

Lots of aspirants in design and style and network management channel all their efforts in order to get hugely recognized certifications such as MCSE (Microsoft Certified Method Engineer) and MCSA (Microsoft Certified Program Administrator). These globe-recognized certifications are much preferred, as they can easily make the difference among a prosperous, lucrative career in designand an typical, low-rewarding job as a programmer. Most people would do something to obtain such world-recognized certifications and they invest lots of funds and time in the method, with little or no prospect of ever achieving their goals.

There are thousands of scammers on the World wide web who typically lure folks into getting a variety of second-hand tutorials and self-study oriented coaching programs, promising fantastic benefits with minimal work. Nonetheless, there are also a lot of strong, trustworthy websites on the Planet Wide Net that provide students with elaborate, well-structured and comprehensive supplies, facilitating the procedure of learning and guaranteeing accomplishment. Contemplating this reality, it is quite critical to distinguish among average speculants and expert internet sites that actually give powerful MCSE and MCSA coaching applications.

If your time enables it, take into account attending to a quick classroom training course as an alternative of employing self-study oriented applications. There are internet sites that provide advanced MCSE and MCSA accelerated education courses, laboratories and seminaries, taught by effectively-educated, seasoned specialists. Such classes are far superior to self-training applications, as they involve active participation, much better comprehension and finding out, stimulating students' considering and enhancing their overall skills. By participating to a 14-day official MCSE and MCSA training course, one particular is capable to swiftly assimilate crucial data concerning resolution style and network management with the assist of effectively-educated pros. In addition, such training programs enable students to acquire a complete set of sensible abilities that will support them in their future careers. Official MCSE and MCSA training applications assure graduates acceptance in the very best companies of the w orld!

Related to MCSE and MCSA, CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) and CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Specialist) certifications are also highly requested in present. There are various skilled instruction centers that provide individuals the opportunity to participate to elaborate CCNA and CCIE instruction applications in exchange for a affordable sum of funds. By attending a 5 or six-day CCNA and CCIE instruction course, students can quickly familiarize themselves with most current Cisco technologies and hardware. Throughout CCNA and CCIE education sessions , attending students receive continual help and feed-back from nicely-trained pros. Such coaching courses are not only focused on theory they are also aimed at forming and enhancing students' sensible abilities regarding a variety of aspects of Cisco technologies and hardware. Thousands of graduates recommend skilled CCNA and CCIE training courses to people who wish to develop a strong, productive c areer in the field.

So if you want to locate out worthwhile information about MCSE instruction or CCNA instruction, or even CCIE education, please comply with these hyperlinks, they will direct you to the safest way to take your courses.

Why Network Marketing Business?

Network Marketing helps to create value for society, solves the economic problem going around the world and at the same time you can make money in Network Marketing.

You must be wondering how much money you can earn in Network Marketing, and perhaps you can earn more money through other channels such as job, investment or business.

Short answer is yes you can earn money through other sources but fundamental difference is in network marketing business not only you can make money but create time for yourself and set yourself up with residual income or also known as passive income.

Current state of worlds economy:

Before we even consider the option of Network Marketing lets explore the current world economy and the job market in post great recession era, which is technically over for more than past two years.

Based on research done by various corporation in United States and Canada there are approx. 8% job less youth, and few of them are barely surviving on social assistance granted to them. Then there has been an article in Globe and Mail that job market in Canada has stalled. And in another news it has been identified that pilots of one of the international airlines has been asked to take unpaid leave. So market is not rosy and by 2020 these numbers are expected to increase.

First of all we all need to understand that there are very few jobs which are for life that can assist someone to retire comfortably. Jobs in Private sector is not helping to raise the living standards because wages has been stagnant for almost last two decades.

Fundamental goal of the corporations are to maximise the profit rather than focus on building community. There use to be a time where corporations use to claim their employees are their biggest asset, in current era they feel employees are their expense and why to invest in employees when they can get the stuff cheaper from somewhere else. Corporations and their front line executives are only interested in their exit package rather than thinking outside the box how to get the best out of the people.

Not so quality Jobs: Prior to the 1980 the wages and production kept increasing by 2 to 3% and post 1980 wages has been stalled despite increase in production.

Employment Benefits: Corporations are shying away to pay health benefits or support the pension benefits.

Job satisfaction is another concern. for past two years job satisfaction is on very low end.

Moving Jobs to another country where labor is cheap does have a significant impact on other small businesses not only workers losing jobs but small business have to go bankrupt/or windup their operations too.

Now lets evaluate Network Marketing

When you build your business right let say devote about two years to generate an income which can assist you to provide more than food and shelter will you agree that you wont have to work for 40-50 years for someone else and note no one will evaluate your performance in network marketing business like it is done in the corporations. And for sure you will be not in those who all are looking at the countries financial policy and keeping an close eyes for the improvement of job market.

During the process of building the business you are technically building a community and everyone in that community can become self reliant it means that even they will be financially well off through this business because of you, This indeed supports the growth of our community, improves the economy of the country. Inner satisfaction is the utmost when you help someone else to succeed.

In Network Marketing you work to make money with choice of helping others to make money in short you are technically building an enduring organization.

In Network Marketing we invest in people`s future while being aware of people`s need.

If you are looking to earn the income thru network marketing or MLM, I would recommend register yourself with http://www.winvieglobal.com for no cost and get more information about network marketing business.

Cisco Certifications: Your Way to Success in IT

Getting a professional certification is highly recommended in IT careers. It not only builds up your skill in your specific area of expertise but also shines on your profile as you apply for job positions or already occupy one. You need certification to be distinguished from those who compete with you.

Administered by Pearson VUE, there are five levels of Cisco certification and eight different paths.

The first level is entry level certification. The CCENT (Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician) is relatively basic. It enables you to install and manage a network. At the second level of the program, we have second Associate certifications which include Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) for which the CCENT makes a sound base by dealing with small networks. In CCNA you work on medium networks. Now, there are paths within CCNA: CCNA security, CCNA voice, CCNA wireless, and CCNA routing and switching.

In CCNA security, you gain knowledge and skills concerning threats to a network, dealing with troubleshooting, confidentiality, and monitoring the devices.

For jobs involving voice technologies, CCNA voice is a great help. It trains you to work efficiently with VOIP technologies and also enhances skills used to maintain Telepresence applications in addition to other voice technologies.

For those of you who are WLAN project managers and administrators, CCNA Wireless is your path. It trains you to effectively support wireless in addition to its installation and application. The training concerns the implementation of Cisco Unified Wireless Networking Essentials, and so deals with the networks that use CISCO products specifically.

The third level would be Professional certifications, which has a CCNA certification as a pre-requisite. This training involves installation, configuration, and troubleshooting of large networks. Achieve the peak of your profession with a CCDP (Cisco Certified Design Professional). This certification represents your ability to manage wide area and advanced networks, along with creating security and routing. The exams have been updated lately so you need to follow the latest version for your preparation. The units focusing on switching and routing have been eliminated.

From October, 2011 there will be further changes. The CCSP exam, involving the understanding about security systems, would not be held anymore and candidates are required to take CCNP-security to cover up.

Finally, there are Expert Level certifications. CCDE (Cisco Certified Design Expert) involves training of the fundamentals of designing of an infrastructure. Further, we have CCIE (Cisco Certified Interne Expert) and CCIE Numbering and Re-certification. So stay updated and design the appropriate path that suits your career and preferences best. Good Luck!

TestsExpert is known for certification training material in IT Certifications Training industry and offers training materials for cisco certifications mainly ccnp certification. Visit and contact us for more details about various products they offer.

Cisco Certification: In What Order Should You Take Your CCNP Exams?

When you choose to pursue your Cisco Certified Network Professional certification, you've got some decisions to make right at the beginning. Cisco offers a three-exam path and a four-exam path, and you select the order in which you'll take and pass the exams.

While every CCNP candidate has to make their own decision, I'd like to share some thoughts based on my personal experience and the experiences of CCNPs worldwide.

The solid foundation of networking knowledge you built as a CCNA will help you a great deal on your BSCI (Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks, 642-801) exam. This is the most common exam to take first, and I'd recommend you do so as well. While there are some topics that will be new to you, such as BGP, many of the BSCI topics will be familiar to you from your CCNA studies.

The "middle" exams are the BCMSN (Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks, 642-811) and BCRAN (Building Cisco Remote Access Networks, 642-821). There is no real advantage in taking one of these before the other, although most candidates take the switching exam, then the remote access exam.

I do recommend you take the CIT (Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting) exam last. This exam will demand you put into action the skills you have learned while earning your CCNA and passing the first three exams. Again, it's not written in stone and there are always exceptions, but CCNP candidates do seem to have more success on this exam when they take it last.

Should you choose the three-exam path, you'll be taking a Composite exam (642-891). This exam combines the BSCI and BCMSN exams, and it's best to take this one first. It builds nicely with your CCNA skills.

Again, I would take the BCRAN exam after the Composite, and the Troubleshooting exam last.

Whichever path you choose, you've chosen wisely in which certification to pursue. The CCNP is a true test of your networking skills, and when you make the decision to go after the CCIE, you'll be glad to have the solid foundation of networking skills your CCNA and CCNP studies gave you.

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including Cisco CCNA certification test prep articles. His exclusive Cisco CCNA study guide and Cisco CCNA training is also available!

Visit his blog and sign up for Cisco Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available, and you can attend an in-person or online CCNA boot camp with The Bryant Advantage!

CCNA Exploration 4 - Module Final Exam[A] Version 4.0 Accessing the WAN

CCNA Exploration 4 - Module Final Exam[A] Version 4.0 Accessing the WAN

1. Below is a list of DDR steps. Which of the following identifies the proper order of DDR?
1 - dial number is looked up
2 - interesting traffic triggers DDR
3 - route to destination is determined
4 - call is made
• 1,2,3,4
• 1,3,2,4
• 2,3,1,4
• 2,1,3,4
• 3,2,1,4
• 3,1,2,4

2. The serial PPP link between the Left and Right routers is configured as shown in the diagram. Which configuration issue explains why the link is unable to establish a PPP session?
• The IP addresses must be on different subnets.
• The usernames are misconfigured.
• The passwords must be different for the CHAP authentication.
• The clock rate must be 56000.
• The clock rate is configured on the wrong end of the link.
• Interface serial 0/0 on Left must connect to interface serial 0/1 on Right.

3. Which of the following are characteristics of Frame Relay? (Choose two.)
• circuit-switched
• connection oriented
• OSI Layer 3
• packet-switched
• reliable

4. A technician is testing RouterA in the graphic. What is the condition of the circuit?
• The routers are configured for different encapsulations.
• The clock rate is not properly configured on the routers.
• The circuit from WAN provider has failed.
• Authentication is not properly configured on the routers.
• The circuit is functioning properly.

5. Which of the following are valid steps for a basic ISDN BRI configuration? (Choose two.)
• create subinterfaces
• define the LMI type
• set the SPIDs if required by the ISDN switch
• set the interface DLCI
• set the switch type
• specify the encapsulation as either Cisco or IETF

6. What is the purpose of the command marked with an arrow shown in the partial configuration output of a Cisco 806 broadband router?
• defines which addresses are allowed out of the router
• defines which addresses are allowed into the router
• defines which addresses can be translated
• defines which addresses are assigned to a NAT pool

7. What value in the address field of a Frame Relay header identifies the destination of the frame?
• CIR
• DE
• DLCI
• ISDN
• FRAD
• PVC

8. Two routers are connected through a Frame Relay, point-to-point PVC. The remote router is from a vendor other than Cisco. Which interface command is required to configure the link between the Cisco router and the other router?
• frame-relay pvc multipoint
• frame-relay pvc point-to-point
• encapsulation frame-relay cisco
• encapsulation frame-relay ietf
• frame-relay lmi-type ansi

9. After configuring a dialup ISDN circuit, a network associate begins testing the dialup connection. When attempting to ping a host on the remote network, the local router does not attempt to dial the remote access server. Which of the following are possible errors in this configuration? (Choose three.)
• PPP authentication is not properly configured.
• No dialer map is configured.
• The ISDN circuit connected to the remote access server is busy.
• No interesting traffic is defined.
• No route is determined to the remote network.
• A wrong number is configured in the dial string.

10. A technician enters the interface serial 0/0.1 multipoint command when configuring a router. What effect will the multipoint keyword have in this configuration? (Choose two.)
• Split-horizon issues will need to be resolved for this network if RIP is the routing protocol.
• A subinterface will be defined for each PVC.
• All the participating interfaces of remote routers will be configured in the same subnet.
• A single DLCI will be used to define all the PVCs to the remote routers.
• An IP address will need to be configured on the main interface.

11. Which circuit-switched WAN technology is often used to provide a backup for a leased line and additional capacity during peak usage times?
• X.25
• DSL
• ISDN
• cable modem

12. A system administrator must provide Internet connectivity for ten hosts in a small remote office. The ISP has assigned two public IP addresses to this remote office. How can the system administrator configure the router to provide Internet access to all ten users at the same time?
• Configure static NAT for all ten users.
• Configure dynamic NAT for ten users.
• Configure dynamic NAT with PAT.
• Configure DHCP and static NAT.
• What the administrator wants to do cannot be done.

13. A network administrator is having difficulty in establishing a serial link between a Cisco router and a router from another vendor. Both routers are configured for HDLC encapsulation. Which statements are true regarding this configuration? (Choose two.)
• The Cisco HDLC frame uses a proprietary "Type" field that may not be compatible with equipment of other vendors.
• HDLC requires a clock rate to be configured on the routers at both ends of the serial link.
• PPP encapsulation is recommended for serial links between equipment from multiple vendors.
• Usernames must be configured at both ends of the HDLC serial link.
• The HDLC vendor type must be enabled on the Cisco router.
• There is a mismatch in the HDLC authentication password configurations.

14. Which of the following ISDN protocols is responsible for call setup and call teardown?
• ITU-T Q.921
• ITU-T Q.931
• ITU-T I.430
• ITU-T I.431

15. When a Frame Relay switch detects an excessive buildup of frames in its queue, which of the following may occur? (Choose two.)
• Frames with the DE bit set are dropped from the switch queue.
• Frames with the FECN and BECN bits set are dropped from the switch queue.
• Frames in excess of the CIR are not accepted by the switch.
• The switch sets the FECN bit on all frames it places on the congested link and sets the BECN bit on all frames it receives on the congested link.
• The switch sets the FECN bit on all frames it receives on the congested link and sets the BECN bit on all frames it places on the congested link.

16. A branch office reports excessive connect time charges for an ISDN circuit used to connect to the regional office. Upon investigation of this issue, it is discovered that when an ISDN connection is initiated to the regional office it remains connected for an excessive amount of time. Which of the following configuration changes could be made to DDR on the router to reduce these connect time charges?
• use PPP multilink
• lower idle timer setting
• use CHAP authentication
• change DDR from legacy to dialer profiles

17. What does the status inactive indicate in the output of the show frame-relay pvc command?
• The DLCI is programmed in the switch but is not usable.
• The DLCI was formerly programmed in the switch but is no longer there.
• The DLCI is usable but has little activity.
• The DLCI has been renamed for that PVC.

18. An ISDN circuit from a branch office is remaining connected to the regional office. A network administrator determines a user has initiated a continuous ping from a desktop computer to the regional office. Which configuration change would allow the ISDN circuit to disconnect during any attempts to ping, while otherwise functioning properly?
• change DDR from legacy to dialer profiles
• remove the dialer list statement from the configuration
• change the dialer list to exclude ICMP as interesting
• disable inverse ARP

19. What does the output of the show frame-relay map command shown below represent? (Choose two.)
• Serial 0 (up): ip 172.30.151.4 dlci 122, dynamic, broadcast, status defined, active
• 172.30.151.4 represents the IP address of the remote router.
• 172.30.151.4 represents the IP address of the local serial interface.
• DLCI 122 represents the interface of the remote router.
• broadcast indicates that a dynamic routing protocol such as RIP v1 can send packets across this PVC.
• dynamic indicates that a dynamic routing protocol is enabled for this connection.

20. While prototyping an internetwork in the corporate lab, a network administrator is testing a serial link between serial 0/0 interfaces on two routers. The labels on the serial cable ends have been damaged and are unreadable. What command can be issued to determine which router is connected to the DCE cable end?
• show interfaces serial 0/0
• show version
• show controllers serial 0/0
• show protocols serial 0/0
• show status serial 0/0

21. Which of the following is the order for the three phases of establishing a PPP serial link with authentication?
• authentication, link-establishment, network layer protocols
• authentication, network layer protocols, link-establishment
• network layer protocols, link-establishment, authentication
• network layer protocols, authentication, link-establishment
• link-establishment, authentication, network layer protocols
• link-establishment, network layer protocols, authentication

22. Given the partial router configuration in the graphic, why does the workstation with the IP address 192.168.1.153/28 fail to access the Internet? (Choose two.)
• The NAT inside interfaces are not configured properly.
• The NAT outside interface is not configured properly.
• The router is not properly configured to use the access control list for NAT.
• The NAT pool is not properly configured to use routable outside addresses.
• The access control list does not include the IP address 192.168.1.153/28 to access the Internet.

23. Which two layers of the OSI model are described by WAN standards?
• Application Layer, Physical Layer
• Data Link Layer, Physical Layer
• Data Link Layer, Transport Layer
• Physical Layer, Network Layer

24. What are two ways to resolve split-horizon issues in a Frame Relay network? (Choose two.)
• create a full-mesh topology
• disable Inverse ARP
• use point-to-point subinterfaces
• use multipoint subinterfaces
• remove the broadcast keyword from the frame-relay map command

25. Which of the following describes the roles of devices in a WAN? (Choose three.)
• A CSU/DSU terminates a digital local loop.
• A modem terminates a digital local loop.
• A CSU/DSU terminates an analog local loop.
• A modem terminates an analog local loop.
• A router is commonly considered a DTE device.
• A router is commonly considered a DCE device.

26. Which of the following IP addresses are defined by RFC 1918 as private addresses? (Choose three.)
• 192.168.146.0/22
• 172.10.25.0/16
• 172.31.0.0/16
• 20.0.0.0/8
• 10.172.92.8/29

27. Which router command would be used to associate a Layer 2 address with the corresponding Layer 3 address in the internetwork in the diagram?
• RouterA(config-if)#frame-relay pvc 100 192.168.15.2
• RouterA(config-if)#dialer-map ip 192.168.15.1 100 broadcast
• RouterA(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.15.2 100 broadcast
• RouterA (config-if)#dialer-map 192.168.15.1 101 serial 0 broadcast
• RouterA (config-if)#frame-relay dlci 101 192.168.15.1 broadcast
• RouterA (config-if)#dialer-map 192.168.15.1 inverse-arp broadcast

28. The serial PPP link between the Left and Right routers is configured as shown in the diagram. Which configuration issue will prevent IP traffic from crossing this link?
• The passwords must be different for the CHAP authentication.
• The usernames are misconfigured.
• The clock rate must be 56000.
• The clock rate is configured on the wrong end of the link.
• The IP addresses must be on the same subnet.
• Interface serial 0/0 on Left must connect to interface serial 0/1 on Right.

29. When configuring a Frame Relay connection, when should a static Frame Relay map be used? (Choose two.)
• when the remote router is a non-Cisco router
• when the remote router does not support Inverse ARP
• when the local router is using IOS Release 11.1 or earlier
• when broadcast traffic and multicast traffic over the PVC must be controlled
• when globally significant rather than locally significant DLCIs are being used

30. Which statements are correct about the point in the network where the responsibility of the service provider ends? (Choose three.)
• The International point is on the customer side of the network terminating unit(NTU).
• The United States point is at the interface of the customer-provided equipment and the local loop.
• The responsibility for this point is controlled by IANA.
• The point is called the demarcation point.
• The point is typically located at the service provider's central office.
• The point is located between the customer's local area networks.

31. The output of the show interfaces serial 0/0 command for a frame-relay connection indicates that the serial line is up but the line protocol is down. What are possible causes for this? (Choose two.)
• There is an LMI-type mismatch between the Frame Relay switch and the router.
• There is no clock present on the serial interface.
• The interface is shut down.
• RARP is not functioning on the router.
• The cable is disconnected.

32. Which protocol should be chosen to support WAN connectivity in a multi-vendor system and provide strong security through authentication?
• NAT with DHCP
• Frame Relay
• HDLC with encryption
• HDLC with CHAP
• PPP with PAP
• PPP with CHAP

33. A system administrator needs to configure the regional office with ISDN for DDR connections to three remote sites. Each remote site requires different IP subnets, different encapsulations, and different authentication methods. The sites will not be connected at the same time. The company would like to accomplish this in the most cost effective manner. What method can the system administrator use to accomplish this task using the fewest B channels?
• Install and configure a PRI.
• Install and configure a BRI interface with separate SPIDs for each remote site.
• Install and configure a BRI with multiple switch types in global configuration.
• Install and configure a BRI using dialer profiles.
• Install and configure a separate BRI for each remote site.

34. A system administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two routers in a new installation. The administrator enters the debug ppp authentication command on the WHSE router. The graphic shows a part of the output received. From this output, what is the most likely cause of this connectivity issue?
• There is not a route to the remote router.
• The ISDN circuit on the remote router has failed.
• The username/password was not properly configured on the WHSE router.
• The remote router has a different authentication protocol configured.

35. A network technician determines DHCP clients are not working properly. The clients are receiving IP configuration information from a DHCP server configured on the router but cannot access the Internet. From the output in the graphic, what is the most likely problem?
• The DHCP server service is not enabled.
• The inside interface for DCHP is not defined.
• The DHCP pool is not bound to the interface.
• The pool does not have a default router defined for the clients.
• All the host addresses have been excluded from the DHCP pool.

36. What causes a DDR call to be placed?
• dial string
• DLCI
• idle time out
• interesting traffic
• PVC

37. After the ISDN BRI interface is configured, which command can be used to verify that the router is communicating correctly with the ISDN switch?
• show dialer
• show isdn status
• show interfaces bri0/0:1
• show interfaces serial0/0.1

38. A network administrator must provide WAN connectivity between a central office and three remote sites: Orlando, Atlanta, and Phoenix. The Orlando and Atlanta remote offices receive sales orders and transmit shipping confirmations to the Central office consistently throughout the day. The Phoenix remote office consists of one salesperson traveling through the southwest territory. The salesperson occasionally needs to connect to the Central office for e-mail access. How should the network administrator connect the remote sites to the Central office? (Choose two.)
• Connect to the Atlanta and Orlando remote offices with Frame Relay connections.
• Connect to the Atlanta and Orlando remote offices with ISDN connections.
• Connect to the Atlanta and Orlando remote offices with POTS dial-up connections.
• Connect to the Phoenix remote office with a Frame Relay connection.
• Connect to the Phoenix remote office with a POTS dial-up connection.

39. A system administrator is unable to ping the Serial0/0 interface of RouterB from RouterA. During the troubleshooting process, the following facts are established:
- IP addressing and subnet masks are correct.
- RouterA is a Cisco router and RouterB is a router from another vendor.
- RouterA is configured with the default encapsulation.
- The serial interfaces on both routers are up.
- The protocol is down on the serial interfaces of both routers.
What should the administrator do to solve the problem?
• Add a clock rate on RouterA.
• Enable the serial interface on RouterB.
• Change the encapsulation on both routers to PPP.
• Connect the serial cable to the correct interface on RouterB.
• Use the correct serial cable to attach the CSU/DSU to RouterB.

CCNA Exploration 2 - Module Final Exam[C] Version 4.0 Routing Protocols and Concepts

CCNA Exploration 2 - Module Final Exam[C] Version 4.0 Routing Protocols and Concepts

1. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator adds this command to router R1: ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 S0/0/0. What is the result of adding this command?
• This route is automatically propagated throughout the network.
• The traffic for network 172.16.1.0 is forwarded to network 192.168.2.0.
• A static route is established.
• The traffic for all Class C networks is forwarded to 172.16.1.2.

2. Refer to the exhibit. Which router is advertising subnet 172.16.1.32/28?
• Router1
• Router2
• Router3
• Router4

3. What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)
• The routers must elect a designated router.
• The routers must agree on the network type.
• The routers must use the same dead interval.
• The routers must exchange link state requests.
• The routers must exchange database description packets.

4. Refer to the exhibit. A ping from R1 to 10.1.1.2 is successful, but a ping from R1 to 192.168.2.0 fails. What is the cause of this problem?
• There is no gateway of last resort at R1.
• The serial interface between the two routers is down.
• A default route is not configured on R1.
• The static route for 192.168.2.0 is incorrectly configured.

5. Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true based on the exhibited output? (Choose two.)
• The administrative distance of EIGRP has been set to 50.
• All routes are stable.
• The show ip eigrp topology command has been run on R1.
• The serial interface between the two routers is down.
• Each route has one feasible successor.

6. When a router boots, what is the default order to locate the Cisco IOS if there is no boot system command?
• ROM, TFTP server, flash
• flash, TFTP server, RAM
• flash, NVRAM, TFTP server
• ROM, flash, TFTP server

7. Refer to the exhibit. The interfaces of all routers are configured for OSPF area 0. R3 can ping R1, but the two routers are unable to establish a neighbor adjacency. What should the network administrator do to troubleshoot this problem?
• Check if the interfaces of the routers are enabled.
• Check the hello and dead intervals between the routers.
• Check the process ID of both routers.
• Check if CDP is enabled on all the routers.

8. In a complex lab test environment, a router has discovered four paths to 192.168.1.0/24 via the use of the RIP routing process. Which route will be installed in the routing table after the discovery of all four paths?
• R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.110.1, 00:00:17, Serial 0/1/0
• R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Serial 0/0/0
• R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.100.1, 00:00:17, Serial 0/0/1
• R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.101.1, 00:00:17, Serial 0/1/1

9. Refer to the exhibit. What information can be determined from the displayed output?
• EIGRP packets are waiting to be sent to the neighbors.
• The adjacencies between the routers are yet to be established.
• The IP address 192.168.10.10 is configured at serial interface S0/0/1 of router R2.
• Router R2 is receiving hello packets from a neighbor with the IP address 192.168.10.10 via the R2 S0/0/1 interface.

10. A router that uses the RIP routing protocol has an entry for a network in the routing table. It then receives an update with another entry for the same destination network but with a lower hop count. What action will the router take for this new update?
• It will append the update information to the routing table.
• It will invalidate the entry for that network in the routing table.
• It will replace the existing routing table entry with the new information.
• It will ignore the new update.

11. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator successfully pings R1 from R3. Next, the administrator runs the show cdp neighbors command on R3. The output of this command is displayed.What are two reasons for the absence of R1 in the output? (Choose two.)
• There is a Layer 2 connectivity problem between R1 and R3.
• The Fa0/0 interface of R1 is configured with an incorrect IP address.
• The no cdp run command has been run at R1.
• The no cdp enable command has been run at Fa0/1 interface of R3.R1 is powered off

12. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured for OSPF area 0. The network administrator requires that R2 always be the DR and maintain adjacency.Which two configurations can achieve this? (Choose two.)
• Change the OSPF area of R2 to a higher value.
• Change the router ID for R2 by assigning the IP address 172.16.30.5/24 to the Fa0/0 interface.
• Change the priority values of the Fa0/0 interfaces of R1 and R3 to 0.
• Configure a loopback interface on R2, with an IP address higher than any IPaddress on the other routers.
• Configure R1 and R3 with an IP address whose value is higher than that of R2.

13. Refer to the exhibit. All routes are advertised and fully operational on all routers. Which statement is true about the path that the data will take from router A to router B?
• If EIGRP is used with default configurations, the data will be equally distributed between two paths — A, D, B and A, C, D.
• If RIPv1 is used with default configurations, the data will be load-balanced on all paths.
• If EIGRP and OSPF are both used with default configurations, the data will be sent through paths learned by the OSPF protocol.
• If RIPv2 is used with default configurations, the data will be equally distributed between two paths — A, D, B and A, C, D.

14. Which two statements are true for OSPF Hello packets? (Choose two.)
• They negotiate correct parameters among neighboring interfaces.
• They are used for dynamic neighbor discovery.
• They use timers to elect the designated router with the fastest link.
• They are received from all routers on the network and used to determine the complete network topology.
• They are used to maintain neighbor relationships.

15. A router has EIGRP configured as the only routing protocol. In what two ways does EIGRP respond if there is no feasible successor route to a destination network and the successor route fails? (Choose two.)
• It broadcasts hello packets to all routers in the network to re-establish neighbor adjacencies.
• It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until a new successor route is found.
• It immediately sends its entire routing table to its neighbors.
• It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until the lost route is unknown to the neighbors.
• It automatically forwards traffic to a fallback default route until a successor route is found.

16. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has run the following command on R1.
R1# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2What is the result of running this command?
• Traffic for network 192.168.2.0 is forwarded to 172.16.1.2.
• This route is automatically propagated throughout the entire network.
• Traffic for all networks is forwarded to 172.16.1.2.
• The command invokes a dynamic routing protocol for 192.168.2.0.

17. Which routing protocol by default uses bandwidth and delay to calculate the metric of a route?
• RIPv1
• RIPv2
• OSPF
• EIGRP

18. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for Router1? (Choose three.)
• The route to network 172.16.0.0 has an AD of 156160.
• Network 192.168.0.16 can best be reached using FastEthernet0/0.
• The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default value.
• Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
• Network 172.17.0.0 can only be reached using a default route.
• No default route has been configured.

19. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are properly configured with default configurations and are running the OSPF routing protocol. The network is fully converged. A host on the 192.168.3.0/24 network is communicating with a host on the 192.168.2.0/24 network. Which path will be used to transmit the data?
• The data will be transmitted via R3-R2.
• The data will be transmitted via R3-R1-R2.
• The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — one via R3-R2, and the other via R3-R1-R2.
• The data will be transmitted via R3-R2, and the other path via R3-R1-R2 will be retained as the backup path.

20. What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.)
• It connects multiple IP networks.
• It controls the flow of data via the use of Layer 2 addresses.
• It determines the best path to send packets.
• It manages the VLAN database.
• It increases the size of the broadcast domain.

21. Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2 and R3. The routes of all three routers are displayed. What can be verified from the output?
• R1 and R3 are connected to each other via the S0/0/0 interface.
• The IP address of the S0/0/0 interface of R1 is 10.1.1.2.
• The IP address of the S0/0/1 interface of R2 is 10.3.3.2.
• R2 is connected to the S0/0/1 interface of R3.

22. Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router to perform a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
• 10.0.0.0/8
• 64.100.0.0/16
• 128.107.0.0/16
• 172.16.40.0/24
• 192.168.1.0/24
• 192.168.2.0/24

23. Two routers need to be configured within a single OSPF area. Which two components need to be configured on both routers to achieve this? (Choose two.)
• the same process ID
• the same area ID
• network addresses and wildcard masks
• the same router ID
• the same loop back address

24. Refer to the exhibit. Although both the routers can ping the serial interface of their neighbors, they are unable to ping the Ethernet interfaces of other routers. Which two statements are true for this network? (Choose two.)
• The administrative distance has been set to 50 on both routers.
• R2 is learning about network 192.168.1.0.
• R1 is learning about network 192.168.2.0.
• The network 10.1.1.0 command has not been run on both routers.
• Autosummarization is enabled on both routers.

25. Refer to the exhibit. Host A is unable to access the Internet, and troubleshooting has revealed that this is due to an addressing problem. What is incorrectly configured in this network?
• the IP address of the Fa 0/0 interface of R1
• the subnet mask of the S 0/0/0 interface of R1
• the IP address of the S 0/0/0 interface of R1
• the subnet mask of the S0/0/0 interface of R2

26. Refer to the exhibit. R1 is running RIP with default parameters. R1 has learned four different paths with the same metrics to network 192.168.6.0. Which path or paths will R1 use to forward a packet that is destined to 192.168.6.10?
• the first path that the router learned.
• only the first two of the four paths that the router learned.
• the last path that the router learned.
• all four paths.

27. Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose two.)
• DRAM -loads the bootstrap
• RAM -stores the operating system
• Flash -executes diagnostics at bootup
• NVRAM -stores the configuration file
• ROM -stores the backup configuration file
• POST -runs diagnostics on hardware modules

28. Refer to the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 120?
• It is the metric that is calculated by the routing protocol.
• It is the value that is used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
• It is the administrative distance of the routing protocol.
• It is the hold-down time, measured in seconds, before the next update.

29. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured to run RIPv1 and are fully converged. Which routing updates will be received by R3?
• updates for 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24
• updates for 172.16.2.0/24 and 172.16.3.0/24
• updates for 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24 and 172.16.3.0/24
• updates for 172.16.0.0/16

30. Refer to the exhibit. R1 is configured properly for a single area OSPF, and R2 has been recently installed in the network. Which set of commands is required to configure a single area OSPF for the networks that are connected to R2?
• R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
• R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config)# router ospf 2
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
• R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
• R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1

31. Refer to the exhibit. The show cdp neighbors command was run on one of the devices as shown. Based on this information, which two facts can be determined? (Choose two.)
• The command was run on the router.
• ABCD is a non-CISCO device.
• Layer 3 connectivity between two devices exists.
• ABCD supports routing capability.
• ABCD is connected to the Fa0/0 interface of the neighboring device.

32. Refer to the exhibit. PC1 is unable to access the Internet. What is the cause of the problem?
• An incorrect IP address is configured between the two routers.
• No static route is configured on Router2.
• A routing loop has occurred.
• No routing protocol is configured on either of the two routers.

33. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?
• A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
• B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64
• A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32
• B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
• A(config)# no router rip

34. Refer to the exhibit. The hosts on the R1 LAN are unable to access the Internet. What is incorrectly configured?
• the IP address of the Fa 0/0 interface at R1
• the IP address of the S 0/0/1 interface at R2
• the IP address of the S 0/0/0 interface at R1
• the subnet mask of the S 0/0/1 interface at R2

35. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is planning IP addressing of a new network. What part of this addressing scheme must be changed to allow communication between host A and the server?
• the IP address of the server
• the default gateway of host A
• the IP address of host A
• the default gateway of the server

36. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the routing process for this network?
• A packet leaves interface Fa0/0 of R1 with the source MAC address as 000C.3010.9260.
• The packet leaves interface Fa0/0 of R1 with the source MAC address as 000C.3010.9260.
• The no shutdown command needs to run on the Fa0/0 interface of R1.
• The Fa0/0 interface of R2 could be configured with the IP address 172.16.4.1/24.

37. Refer to the exhibit. The output of the show ip route command for three routers on a network is displayed. All routers are operational, pings are not blocked on this network, and no default routes are installed. Which two pings will fail? (Choose two.)
• from R1 to 172.16.1.1
• from R1 to 192.168.3.1
• from R2 to 192.168.1.1
• from R2 to 192.168.3.1
• from R3 to 192.168.1.1

38. Refer to the exhibit. All the routers are properly configured to use the RIP routing protocol with default settings, and the network is fully converged. Router A is forwarding data to router E. Which statement is true about the routing path?
• Router A will send the data via the A-D-E path that is listed in the routing table.
• Router A will load-balance the traffic between A-B-E and A-C-E.
• Router A will determine that all paths have equal metric cost.
• Router A will send the data through A-D-E and keep A-B-E and A-C-E as the backup paths.

39. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are child routes?
• 1
• 3
• 4
• 6

40. Which two statements are true about classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
• They can be used for discontiguous subnets.
• They can forward supernet routes in routing updates.
• They cannot implement classful routes in routing tables.
• They use only a hop count metric.
• They do not include the subnet mask in routing updates.

41. A network administrator needs to configure a single router to load-balance the traffic over unequal cost paths. Which routing protocol should the administrator use?
• EIGRP
• OSPF
• RIPv1
• RIPv2

42. Which mechanism helps to avoid routing loops by advertising a metric of infinity?
• route poisoning
• split horizon
• hold-down timer
• triggered updates

43. Which two statements are correct about the split horizon with poison reverse method of routing loop prevention? (Choose two.)
• It is enabled by default on all Cisco IOS implementations.
• It assigns a value that represents an infinite metric to the poisoned route.
• It sends back the poisoned route update to the same interface from where it was received.
• It instructs routers to hold all changes that might affect routes, for a specified period of time.
• It limits the number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it is discarded.

44. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator accesses router R1 from the console port to configure a newly connected interface. What passwords will the network administrator need to enter to make the connection and the necessary configuration changes?
• the Cisco123 password only
• the Cisco789 password only
• the Cisco001 password only
• the Cisco001 password and the Cisco789 passwords
• the Cisco001 password and the Cisco123 passwords

45. Refer to the exhibit. A device is required to complete the connection between router R1 and the WAN. Which two devices can be used for this? (Choose two.)
• a CSU/DSU device
• a modem
• an Ethernet switch
• a hub
• a bridge

46. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured OSPF using the following command:
network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.31 area 0
Which router interface will participate in OSPF?
• FastEthernet 0/0
• FastEthernet 0/1
• Serial 0/0/0
• Serial 0/0/1

47. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has run the show ip protocol command on R1. What can be determined from the exhibited output?
• The router is using RIPv2.
• The router is not forwarding routing updates.
• The router is receiving updates for both versions of RIP.
• The FastEthernet0/0 interface is down.

48. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has run the show interface command. The output of this command is displayed. What is the first step that is required to make this interface operational?
• Switch the cable with a known working cable.
• Issue the no shutdown command on the interface.
• Configure the interface as a loopback interface.
• Set the encapsulation for the interface.

49. Refer to the exhibit. The command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/0 is run on router R2. What are the two results of this command? (Choose two.)
• A static route will be updated in the routing table.
• The traffic from the Internet will be directed to R2.
• The traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0/22 will be blocked.
• The route will be specified as the default route for all networks not defined in the routing table.
• All the broadcasts will be forwarded via the S0/0/0 interface of R2.

50. Which two situations require the use of a link-state protocol? (Choose two.)
• Fast convergence of the network is critical.
• The network is very large.
• The network administrator has limited knowledge to configure and troubleshoot routing protocols.The network is a flat network.
• The capacity of the router is low.

51. Refer to the exhibit. What summarization should R2 use to advertise its LAN networks to R1?
• 172.16.0.0/24
• 172.16.4.0/22
• 172.16.4.0/23
• 172.16.4.0/24

52. Refer to the exhibit. Both routers are using the RIP protocol. Devices on the 192.168.1.1 network can ping the S0/0/0 interface on R2 but cannot ping devices on the 192.168.2.1 network. What is a possible cause of this problem?
• The routers are configured with different versions of RIP.
• R2 is not forwarding the routing updates.
• The R1 configuration should include the no auto-summary command.
• The maximum path number has been exceeded.

53. Refer to the exhibit. The networks that are connected to R1 have been summarized for R2 as 192.168.136.0/21. Which packet destination address will R2 forward to R1?
• 192.168.135.1
• 192.168.142.1
• 192.168.144.1
• 192.168.128.1

54. Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of packets when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)
• The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.
• The router changes the source IP to the IP of the exit interface.
• The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
• The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.
• The router changes the destination IP to the IP of the exit interface.
• The router sends the packet out all other interfaces, besides the one it entered the router on.

55. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured to use the EIGRP routing protocol with default settings, all routes are advertised on all routers, and the network is fully converged. Which path will the data take to travel between 172.16.1.0/24 and 192.168.100.0/24?
• It will travel via A, B, and C.
• It will travel via A, F, E, D, and C.
• It will travel via A, G, H, and C.
• The traffic will be load-balanced on all paths.

56. Refer to the exhibit. The router receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.5.79. How will the router handle this packet?
• It will forward the packet via the Serial0/0/1 interface.
• It will forward the packet via the FastEthernet0/0 interface.
• It will forward the packet via the Serial0/0/0 interface.
• It will drop the packet.

57. Refer to the exhibit. What information can be determined from the highlighted output?
• R1 is originating the route 172.30.200.32/28.
• Automatic summarization is disabled.
• The 172.30.200.16/28 network is one hop away from R1.
• A classful routing protocol is being used.