CCNA 2 - Practice Fina Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Practice Fina Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics


1. Router B received an interface configuration change. Suddenly, it transmits a new update. Which of the following could have triggered this update? (Choose two.)
• Router B received a configuration change.
• Router A sent a message requesting an update.
• Router C came online after Router B sent the RIP update
• Router B received an error message indicating the last update was not received.

2. An administrator has made routing protocol changes to a router's configuration. To ensure that the changes are implemented, the active configuration is saved and the router is reloaded. After the router has initialized, the output on the screen displays "Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog?[yes/no]:" Why did this dialog appear?
• There was a POST failure.
• The incorrect IOS loaded.
• There was an error in the startup configuration file.
• The configuration register was set to ignore NVRAM.

3. Which of the following are true regarding the setup configuration mode? (Choose three.)
• To abort the setup mode, use the CTRL+SHIFT+6 keys.
• To abort the setup mode, use the CTRL+C keys.
• Setup mode allows a complete configuration of the router.
• To enter setup mode, use the privileged mode setup command.
• A router that does not find a valid IOS during the boot process will start the system configuration dialog.
• A router that does not find a valid configuration file during the boot process will start the system configuration dialog.


4. The commands shown in the graphic were entered to alter the startup sequence of the router. On the next reload, which IOS will be loaded?
• The router will load c2500-js-l.112-26d.
• The router will load c2500-d-l.120-9.
• The router will load the IOS from ROM.
• The router will boot into ROM monitor mode.

5. Which of the following are necessary for basic network communication to occur between hosts that will run such applications as Telnet, web browsers, and e-mail? (Choose three.)
• TCP/IP must be installed and properly configured on each device.
• Multiple subnets must be configured on the router to ensure accurate delivery.
• A default gateway must be configured for datagrams to travel outside of the LAN.
• The hosts must be directly connected to a switch to travel outside of the LAN.
• To ensure accurate delivery, a router must be configured and accessible by hosts on the network.

6. If the config-register on a router is set to 0x2102, where is the first place the router will look for boot system commands?
• RAM
• ROM
• Flash
• NVRAM

7. Which of the following will add a TFTP server as a fallback source for a router to load an IOS image?
• Router# boot system tftp 163.150.9.31 c2500-d-l.120-9
Router# copy run start
• Router# boot system tftp c2500-d-l.120-9.bin 163.150.9.31
Router# copy run start
• Router# config t
Router(config)# boot system tftp c2500-d-l.120-9.bin 163.150.9.31
Router(config)# exit
Router# copy run start
• Router# config t
Router(config)# boot system tftp 163.150.9.31 c2500-d-l.120-9.bin
Router(config)# exit
Router# copy run start


8. The administrator knows that port E0 on router B connects to a small LAN without any routers. Which command can be executed on router B to conserve bandwidth on port E0?
• no update timers
• holdown-timer 96
• poison reverse E0
• passive-interface E0
• no triggered updates

9. Which of the following are functions of a router? (Choose three.)
• packet switching
• extension of network segments
• segmentation of local area networks
• selection of best path based on a logical addressing
• selection of best path based on a physical addressing

10. Which of the following are valid static IP routes? (Choose three.)
• RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 S1
• RouterC(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 S1
• RouterA(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
• RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
• RouterC(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1
• RouterA(config)# ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

11. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?
• load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration
• load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
• load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
• check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS

12. ACL statements operate in sequential, logical order. If a condition match is true, the rest of the ACL statements are not checked. If all of the ACL statements are unmatched, what happens to the packet?
• The packets will be placed in a buffer and forwarded when the ACL is removed.
• The packets will be sent to the source with an error notification message.
• The implicit permit any statement placed at the end of the list will allow the packets to flow through uninhibited.
• The implicit deny any statement placed at the end of the list will cause the packets to be dropped.

13. The following line was displayed in the output of the show ip route command.

R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:30, Serial0/0

What is the value of the routing metric?
• 3
• 12
• 20
• 30
• 120

14. Which of the following are characteristics of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol? (Choose two.)
• functions as a link-state routing protocol
• discards packets when the hop count is greater than 15
• calculates the shortest path to a destination using the Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL)
• created as a proprietary routing protocol
• floods updates as topology changes occur
• broadcasts routing updates every 90 seconds or as triggered by topology changes

15. Why would an administrator use the Telnet application when troubleshooting a network? (Choose three.)
• It can be used to verify the operation of application layer software between the source and destination.
• Telnet can use the ICMP protocol to verify a hardware connection and network layer address.
• It is the most complete testing mechanism available.
• Remote networks may be accessed via a Telnet session for troubleshooting.
• Time to Live values are used by Telnet to identify a failure of device between source and destination


16. Given the above topology, which of the following statements are true? (Choose two.)
• If RouterC receives a packet destined for 10.5.183.46, it will be forwarded out interface Serial 1.
• If RouterA receives a packet destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded out interface Ethernet 0.
• If RouterA receives a packet destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out interface Serial 1.
• If RouterB receives a packet destined for 10.5.27.83, it will be forwarded out interface Serial 0.
• If RouterA receives a packet destined for 172.16.55.101, it will be forwarded out interface Serial 1.


17. Refer to the network and routing table entries shown in the graphic. What will happen when a packet destined for network 192.66.7.0 is received by Router A?
• It will be forwarded through interface S1.
• It will be forwarded to the default route.
• It will be directed toward the Internet.
• It will be discarded.

18. What are the major characteristics of a wide area network? (Choose three.)
• connect devices separated by wide geographical areas
• includes technologies of FDDI and Ethernet
• uses serial connections to access bandwidth
• common carriers are needed for connections
• type of connection between a router and a switch


19. The network shown in the graphic is using RIP as the routing protocol. Which of the following are true regarding the network discovery process that will occur for this network? (Choose three.)
• The Palm Beach router will show networks 192.168.7.0 and 192.168.8.0 as directly connected networks.
• All of the routers will have direct knowledge of the exact topology of the entire network.
• The Key West router will forward routing table information to the Miami and Palm Beach routers.
• The Miami router will learn about network 192.168.1.0 from the Key West router.
• If network 192.168.4.0 becomes unavailable, the Key West router will notify the other routers of this fact in the next update.

20. What types of messages are sent periodically by devices configured for CDP?
• probes
• beacons
• signals
• advertisements
• routing updates
• unicast


21. Refer to the output from the show ip route command. What can be concluded from the output of this router command?
• A preferred route to the destination has not been set.
• There are two equal cost paths to network 1.0.0.0.
• Both interfaces are being used equally to route traffic.
• A variance must be set to load-balance across multiple paths.

22. What can be determined from the partial output of the show ip route command displayed below? (Choose two.)

R 200.200.200.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:14, Serial0/0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
• The next update will be in 76 seconds.
• The next update will be in 16 seconds.
• The administrative distance is 120 and the metric is 1.
• The metric is 120 and the administrative distance is 1.
• 200.200.200.0 is configured on Serial0/0.
• 192.168.10.2 is configured on Serial0/0.

23. How many Telnet sessions can take place simultaneously on a router running a standard edition of the IOS?
• 4
• 5
• 8
• 10

24. Host name resolution allows for the use of an alphanumeric name to identify network devices. Select the answer that displays the correct configuration syntax for creating a host name.
• Router# ip host Fontana 200.100.50.5
• Router(config)# ip host Fontana 200.100.50.5
• Router(config-if)# ip host Fontana 200.100.50.5
• Router(config)# ip host Fontana 200.100.50.5/24

25. Which of the following would cause the "Message Of The Day" banner to appear? (Choose three.)
• telnetting into the router
• initiating a debug session
• configuring a router for the first time
• using the Aux port to check the current configuration
• using the console port to check the current configuration

26. After issuing the show interfaces command, a technician notices the line "Serial1 is down, line protocol is down" in the output. Which of the following are possible reasons for this message output? (Choose three.)
• There is a mismatch in the encapsulation type on both ends of the link.
• A Layer 1 issue exists.
• An interface problem exists.
• The clockrate was not set during configuration.
• There is no usable media for the protocol.
• Keepalive messages are not being sent.

27. In the configuration register value 0x2104, which value represents the boot field setting?
• x
• 2
• 1
• 4

28. Of the eight network users on the Human Resources department LAN, one cannot connect to the file server. The user's PC has successfully booted but can not see the network. What should be checked first?
• the PC power cord
• the file server
• the PC network interface card LEDs
• the LAN switch in the wiring closet
• the configuration of the router interface attached to the LAN

29. Which statements are true regarding VTY passwords? (Choose two.)
• VTY passwords must be encrypted.
• All VTY lines do not need to use the same password.
• A VTY password is required to establish telnet sessions.
• The VTY password is set with the command line console 0.
• The VTY password must be identical with the enable secret password.

30. Why is it useful to have an interface description?
• A user can telnet to the router using the interface description.
• The interface description is a shortcut way to edit the running-config.
• The interface description helps identify distant network connections.
• The interface will remain inactive until an interface description is applied.

31. Which of the following are true statements about creating and applying access lists? (Choose three.)
• Access list entries should filter in the order from general to specific.
• One access list per port per protocol per direction is permitted.
• Standard ACLs should be applied closest to the source while extended ACLs should be applied closest to the destination.
• There is an implicit deny at the end of all access lists.
• Statements are processed sequentially from top to bottom until a match is found.
• The inbound keyword refers to traffic entering the network from the router interface where the ACL is applied.

32. When would the ROM monitor mode be used? (Choose two.)
• maintaining routing configuration settings
• modifying the IOS image stored in Flash
• running a limited IOS feature set
• performing the bootstrap process


33. The internetwork needs to communicate between the hosts connected to the E0 interface of the Utah router and hosts connected to the E0 interface of the Idaho router. The hosts should also have connectivity to the Internet. Which commands must be configured in order to enable this communication? (Choose three.)
• Idaho(config)# ip route 172.31.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.31.2.1
• Idaho(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
• Idaho(config)# ip route 172.31.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.31.2.2
• Utah(config)# ip route 172.31.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.31.2.1
• Utah(config)# ip route 172.31.3.0 255.255.255.0 s1
• Utah(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0

34. Which command is used to redirect debug information to a device that is connected though a Telnet session?
• Router# monitor
• Router# terminal redirect vty 0
• Router# terminal monitor
• Router# monitor output vty 0

35. Which of the following WAN connection services typically use synchronous communications? (Choose two.)
• circuit-switched
• leased line
• packet-switched
• Ethernet
• analog modem services

36. Which statement about datagram life is true?
• Each router increments the TTL value of the datagram until the maximum hop count of the routing protocol is reached. The packet is then returned to the source.
• The packet is dropped when the router count and the TTL value match. The source is notified that transmission has failed.
• Each router decreases the TTL value by one until it reaches zero. The datagram is then discarded and a time exceeded for message is sent to the source.
• The destination device discards the datagram if the TTL value is zero on arrival. An ICMP destination unreachable message is sent back to the source.


37. Which command will produce the output shown in the graphic?
• show cdp
• show cdp neighbors
• show cdp neighbors detail
• show cdp detail


38. A network administrator trying to deny Telnet traffic from the 192.5.5.0 network to the 201.100.11.0 network entered the commands shown in the graphic. When monitoring the network, the administrator noticed that Telnet packets were still passing between those networks. What is the cause?
• The router ignored this type of traffic because it required a standard access list to be configured instead of an extended one.
• The wrong port was configured for the ACL so Telnet traffic was still allowed.
• The access list has not been assigned to an interface.
• The permit ip any any allowed all traffic to pass regardless of the other statements listed in this ACL.

39. The following access list has been created to prevent traffic from host 204.204.7.122 from accessing the 201.100.11.0 network.

access-list 22 deny host 204.204.7.122
access-list 22 permit any

Which group of commands will properly place this access list so that this host is denied access only to the 201.100.11.0 network?
• RouterA(config)# interface s0/0
RouterA(config-if)# ip access-group 22 in
• RouterA(config)# interface s0/0
RouterA(config-if)# ip access-group 22 out
• RouterA(config)# interface fa0/0
RouterA(config-if)# ip access-group 22 in
• RouterB(config)# interface fa0/0
RouterB(config-if)# ip access-group 22 in
• RouterB(config)# interface s0/0
RouterB(config-if)# ip access-group 22 in
• RouterB(config)# interface fa0/0
RouterB(config-if)# ip access-group 22 out

40. Which two statements are true about route metrics? (Choose two.)
• The more factors that make up a metric, the greater the flexibility to tailor network operations.
• The larger the metric number, the better the path.
• Routing protocols use metrics to send routing updates to directly connected neighbors.
• Bandwidth and delay are static metrics used by RIP v1.
• Ticks, delay, and cost are metrics used by routing protocols.


41. Refer to the above graphic. When using RIP as the routing protocol, how would Chicago use load balancing to route packets to New York? (Choose two.)
• by forwarding packets over paths of equal cost
• by forwarding packets according to hop count and speed of the link
• by determining which interface has the least traffic and sending to it first
• by first determining the speed of the links and then cycling packets through the fastest links first
• by cycling packets through interfaces and routes following the same pattern (Router 1, 2, 3) each time


42. Refer to the network graphic. A packet needs to travel from Router F to Router A. Which path would be selected by the RIP routing protocol if the default metrics are used?
• F, G, E, D, B, A
• F, E, D, C, A
• F, E, D, A
• F, E, D, B, A

43. A network administrator can establish a remote session to a host using the Router> telnet 192.168.1.1 command but is unsuccessful when using the Router> telnet Boston command to connect to the same interface. Which of the following could be the problem? (Choose two.)
• The ip host table on the router is not configured.
• The command telnet Boston was issued from the wrong router prompt.
• The routing table is missing.
• Domain name services are not available.

44. When must a router serial interface be configured with the clock rate command?
• when the interface is functioning as a DTE device
• when the interface timers have been cleared
• when the connected DTE device is shut down
• when the interface is functioning as a DCE device


45. Assume OSPF is being used on all routers. What happens when the link between Router1 and Router2 goes down? (Choose two.)
• Updates start broadcasting every 30 seconds.
• Updates start broadcasting every 90 seconds.
• Link-state advertisements are flooded.
• Link-state advertisements are sent only to neighboring routers.
• All routers note the change and adjust routes.
• All routers ignore the change until the route becomes active again.

CCNA 2 - Final Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Final Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

1. From the running-config, the following configuration entries are displayed:

Router(config)# line vty 0 2
Router(config-line)# password g8k33pr
Router(config-line)# login

What can be interpreted from the exhibited configuration? (Choose two.)
• Three Telnet lines are available for remote access.
• Two Telnet lines are available for remote access.
• Future configuration of the remaining Telnet lines will require the password to be set to g8k33pr.
• To login to the remote device, g8k33pr will be used as the Telnet and secret password
• Remote access to this local router will require a Telnet password of g8k33pr.

2. Why are interface descriptions used in router configurations? (Choose three).
• to enable support personnel to easily identify networks and customers that may be affected by a possible interface issue
• to provide comments on the interface without affecting the router functionality
• to display access warning messages before users enter the interface configuration mode
• to eliminate the need to use IP addresses when using the ping and telnet commands
• to identify the purpose and location of the interface


3. What can be concluded from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose three.)
• This is a standard IP access list.
• This is an extended IP access list.
• The keyword host is implied in the command line access-list 99 deny 10.213.177.76.
• The wildcard mask must be configured for this access list to function properly.
• Host 10.213.177.100 will be allowed access to the Serial0/1 interface.


4. Refer to the exhibit. The new security policy for the company allows all IP traffic from the Engineering LAN to the Internet while only web traffic from the Marketing LAN is allowed to the Internet. Which ACL can be applied in the outbound direction of Serial 0/1 on the Marketing router to implement the new security policy?
• access-list 197 permit ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any
access-list 197 permit ip 198.18.112.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www
• access-list 165 permit ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any
access-list 165 permit tcp 198.18.112.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www
access-list 165 permit ip any any
• access-list 137 permit ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any
access-list 137 permit tcp 198.18.112.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www
• access-list 89 permit 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any
access-list 89 permit tcp 198.18.112.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www

5. During initial router bootup the following line appears:

"NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase."

What are two possible reasons for this result? (Choose two.)
• The startup-config file was not saved to RAM before reboot.
• The IOS has been erased.
• The router has not been configured.
• The startup-config file cannot be located.
• The router will not enter initial configuration dialog.


6. Which of the following are correct statements verified by the router output shown in the graphic? (Choose two.)
• Layer 3 connectivity exists between BigCity and the devices in the Device ID column.
• Layer 2 connectivity exists between BigCity and the devices in the Device ID column.
• All devices shown in the Device ID column use the TCP/IP protocol suite.
• All devices shown in the Device ID column can be pinged from BigCity.
• All devices listed in the Device ID column are directly connected to BigCity.


7. Which devices can be used to convert the data from a WAN router at the customer site into a form acceptable for use by the WAN service provider? (Choose three.)
• Ethernet switch
• DTE
• modem
• hub
• DCE device
• CSU/DSU

8. What are three features of CDP? (Choose three.)
• provides information on directly connected devices that have CDP enabled
• tests Layer 2 connectivity
• enabled by default on each interface
• provides a layer of security
• used for debugging Layer 4 connectivity issues

9. access-list 199 deny tcp 178.15.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq 23
access-list 199 permit ip any any

Assuming this ACL is correctly applied to a router interface, which statements describe traffic on the network? (Choose two.)
• All FTP traffic from network 178.15.0.0 will be permitted.
• All Telnet traffic destined for network 178.15.0.0 will be denied.
• Telnet and FTP will be permitted from all hosts on network 178.15.0.0 to any destination.
• Telnet will not be permitted from any hosts on network 178.15.0.0 to any destination.
• Telnet will not be permitted to any host on network 178.15.0.0 from any destination.

10. A network administrator issues the erase startup-config command on a configured router with the configuration register set to 0x2102 and observes the following output:

Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [Confirm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete

If the router unexpectedly loses power after this sequence, what will occur when power is restored?
• The router will enter ROM monitor mode upon completion of the power-on self test (POST).
• The router will load the last known valid configuration file.
• The router will enter Rx-boot mode.
• The router will prompt the user to enter setup mode or to continue without entering setup mode.

11. What are the primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)
• determine the best path for packets
• prevent collisions on the network LAN
• regulate flow control between sender and receiver
• provide domain name resolution
• forward packets to the appropriate interface

12. If a PC does not have network connectivity to a router, which router port can be used to establish communication?
• console
• Ethernet
• serial
• VTY

13. Which of the following commands will correctly configure an extended ACL? (Choose two).
• Router(config)# access-list 18 permit tcp host 192.168.73.3 eq 25
• Router(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp 10.43.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq 80
• Router(config)# access-list 187 permit tcp host 192.168.42.34 172.29.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 23
• Router(config)# access-list 99 permit host 10.217.32.3
• Router(config)# access-list 128 permit tcp host 192.168.100.31 eq 23

14. What are two possible reasons a router would not load a valid IOS from flash? (Choose two.)
• The configuration register is set to 0x2142.
• The first boot system command executed in the startup configuration file is boot system rom.
• The configuration register is set to 0x2100.
• The boot field is set to the hexadecimal number 2.
• The startup configuration file is missing or corrupt.


15. Refer to the exhibit. Router D interface S0 on has gone down. What is the maximum time that will elapse before Router A learns that network 168.58.14.0 is down?
• 5 seconds
• 13 seconds
• 17 seconds
• 25 seconds
• 30 seconds
• 77 seconds

16. What are two characteristics of the support for Telnet within Cisco IOS software? (Choose two.)
• Up to five separate Telnet lines are supported by default in standard edition IOS files.
• For security purposes, Telnet sessions are required to be established from the privileged mode.
• A router can host simultaneous Telnet sessions.
• Once established, a Telnet session can remain operational regardless of network status.
• Telnet tests wireless connectivity and does not require a physical connection between devices to gain remote access.

17. Which router component stores the information that is displayed by the show running-config command?
• flash
• NVRAM
• RAM
• ROM

18. What critical information about the status of the router can be found in the outputs of both the show interfaces and show protocols commands? (Choose two.)
• the Layer 3 address of each configured interface
• the routing protocol configured to forward updates out of each interface
• the operational status of each interface
• traffic statistics for each interface
• whether the interface is configured as a DTE or DCE


19. While planning an IOS upgrade, the administrator issues the show version command. Based on the output in the graphic, what is the current IOS boot location?
• RAM
• NVRAM
• Flash
• ROM

20. Based on this partial output of the show ip route command, which routing protocol is configured on the router?

R 172.16.3.0/24 [120/3] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:27, Serial0/0
• RIP
• EIGRP
• OSPF
• IGP
• BGP

21. The main router of XYZ company has enough flash and RAM to store multiple IOS images. An administrator wants to upload a second IOS image from a TFTP server to the flash of the router. Which method will accomplish this task?
• Paste the IOS filename to the command line of the router while in global configuration mode. Press enter. Then issue the copy tftp flash command.
• Use the setup utility to load the new image to flash.
• Copy the IOS image file from a TFTP server using the command copyfilenameip addressflash .
• Copy the IOS image file from a TFTP server using the command copy tftp flash. When prompted, provide the IP address or name of the TFTP server and the IOS image filename.


22. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?
• A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
• B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64
• A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32
• B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
• A(config)# no router rip

23. What are the results of setting the boot field bits in the configuration register to "0000"? (Choose two.)
• The startup-config file will be ignored at bootup.
• The router will load the IOS from Flash.
• The router will enter ROM monitor mode upon reload.
• The router will enter boot ROM mode and have limited capabilities.
• The administrator can enter the b command to manually boot the IOS.

24. A network administrator must configure a FastEthernet interface with an IP address. The configuration must also identify the remote site to which the interface is connected. Which set of commands will meet these requirements?
• StPetersburg(config)# banner San Jose T1
StPetersburg(config)# interface fa0/0
StPetersburg(config-if)# ip address 172.26.155.5 255.255.255.252
• StPetersburg(config)# interface fa0/0
StPetersburg(config-if)# ip address 172.26.155.5 netmask 255.255.255.252
StPetersburg(config-if)# description San Jose T1
• StPetersburg(config)# interface fa0/0
StPetersburg(config-if)# ip address 172.26.155.5 255.255.255.252
StPetersburg(config-if)# banner remote site San Jose T1
• StPetersburg(config)# interface fa0/0
StPetersburg(config-if)# ip address 172.26.155.5 255.255.255.252
StPetersburg(config-if)# description San Jose T1

25. Which router components and operations are correctly described? (Choose two.)
• RAM - stores the ARP cache
• NVRAM - store the operating system
• ROM - stores the backup IOS
• POST - verifies the validity of the running-config
• Flash - executes diagnostics at bootup
• DRAM - loads the bootstrap

26. What information can be learned during the initial router bootup? (Choose two.)
• the configuration register value
• the number and types of interfaces installed
• the router model and the amount of memory that is available
• the amount of memory required to load the IOS and configuration
• the number of interfaces with connected cables

27. Which two steps describe how to create a functional physical connection between a router console and a terminal? (Choose two.)
• Use a crossover cable to connect the terminal serial port to the router console port.
• Use a rollover cable to connect the terminal NIC to the router console port.
• Use an RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter on the terminal serial port to connect to the cable going to the router console.
• Use a transceiver to connect a straight-through cable to the router console port.
• Use a straight-through cable to connect the router console port to the terminal NIC.
• Use a rollover cable to connect from a terminal serial port to the router console port.


28. What will occur when the following ACL is applied inbound to both FastEthernet interfaces of Router A in the graphic?

access-list 125 permit tcp 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 10.90.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq 23
access-list 125 permit tcp 10.90.3.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 eq 23
access-list 125 permit tcp 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www
• Workstations A and B will be able to Telnet to each other. Workstation A will be allowed to access Web servers on the Internet, while Workstation B will be denied Internet Web access.
• Workstations A and B will be able to Telnet to each other. All other traffic will be denied.
• The ACL will have no effect because it should be applied in the outbound direction on the FastEthernet interfaces.
• The ACL will deny all traffic because of the implied deny ip any any statement at the end of the ACL.


29. Refer to the graphic. Communication is needed between the LAN connected to the fa0/0 interface of the Kansas router and the fa0/0 interface of the Maine router. All hosts on those LANs also need connectivity to the Internet. Which commands will allow this communication? (Choose three).
• Kansas(config)# ip route 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.64.2
• Kansas(config)# ip route 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 s0/1
• Kansas(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
• Maine(config)# ip route 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.64.1
• Maine(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
• Maine(config)# ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.64.2

30. A new technician must add boot system commands to one of the department routers. Which available commands will the router return as output when the command shown below is entered? (Choose two.)

Router(config)# boot system ?
• RAM
• NVRAM
• IOS
• IP Address
• TFTP
• FLASH


31. Given the output shown in the exhibit, in what order and location will the router search for the IOS if no boot system commands are found in the startup-config file?
• ROM, Flash, TFTP server
• Flash, NVRAM, RAM
• ROM, TFTP server, Flash
• RAM, Flash, NVRAM
• Flash, TFTP server, ROM


32. Neither router in the exhibit has a host table or DNS available. The interfaces and passwords have been correctly configured. Which of the following commands will initiate a Telnet session? (Choose two.)
• Tottenham# telnet Oxford
• Tottenham> telnet 198.18.139.1
• Oxford# connect 198.18.139.0
• Oxford> connect Tottenham
• Oxford# telnet Tottenham
• Oxford# 198.18.139.2

33. What could a Cisco support technician learn from the IOS filename c2600-d-mz.121-3? (Choose three.)
• the format of the file
• the RAM memory requirements of the file
• the version number of the file
• the size of the file
• the device platform of the file


34. The Suffolk router is directly connected to the networks shown in the graphic and has a default route that points to the Richmond router. All interfaces are active and properly addressed. However, when the workstation on network 172.29.5.0/24 sends a packet to destination address 172.29.198.5, it is discarded by the Suffolk router. What can be a reason for this result?
• The ip classless command is not enabled on the Richmond router.
• The route was ignored if the Richmond router did not include the 172.29.198.0/24 network in its routing updates.
• The Richmond router is in a different autonomous system than the Suffolk router.
• The ip subnet-zero command was not configured on the Suffolk router.
• The ip classless command is not enabled on the Suffolk router.


35. Refer to the graphic. Which series of commands will create static routes that will allow Router A and Router B to deliver packets destined for LAN A and LAN B, and direct all other traffic to the Internet?
• RouterA(config)# ip route 10.90.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0
• RouterA(config)# ip route 10.90.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
RouterA(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2
RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
• RouterA(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2
RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
RouterB(config)# ip route 172.20.20.4 255.255.255.252 s0/0
• RouterA(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2
RouterB(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0

36. What can a network administrator do to recover from a lost router password?
• perform a reload or reset
• telnet from another router and issue the show running-config command to view the password
• boot the router to ROM monitor mode and configure the router to ignore NVRAM when it initializes
• boot the router to bootROM mode and enter the b command to load the IOS manually


37. What facts can be determined from the highlighted text shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
• A weak encryption was applied to all unencrypted passwords.
• The enable password is now more secure than the enable secret password.
• An MD5 hashing algorithm was used on all encrypted passwords.
• Any configured user EXEC mode or Telnet passwords will be encrypted in this configuration.
• The service password-encryption command was used to encrypt all passwords on the router including enable secret.


38. The following access list has been created to prevent traffic from the 192.0.2.63 host on the Sales LAN from accessing servers and hosts on the Payroll LAN.

access-list 26 deny host 192.0.2.63
access-list 26 permit any

Refer to the exhibit. Which group of commands will properly place the access list so that only the host on the Sales LAN is denied access to the 172.29.7.0 network but all other traffic is permitted?
• Payroll(config)# interface fa0/0
Payroll(config-if)# ip access-group 26 out
• Payroll(config)# interface fa0/1
Payroll(config-if)# ip access-group 26 out
• Sales(config)# interface fa0/1
Sales(config-if)# ip access-group 26 in
• Sales(config)# interface fa0/0
Sales(config-if)# ip access-group 26 out

39. Which statements are true regarding setup mode? (Choose three.)
• Press Ctrl-z to terminate setup mode.
• Enter a question mark (?) for help at any point.
• Press Spacebar to accept the default settings.
• Use setup mode to enter complex protocol features.
• Press Enter to accept the default settings.
• Press Ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog.

40. Assuming the following ACL is correctly applied to a router interface, what can be concluded about this set of commands? (Choose two.)

Router(config)# access-list 165 deny tcp 192.28.115.0 0.0.0.255 172.20.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 23
Router(config)# access-list 165 permit ip any any
• This is a standard IP access list that denies network 192.28.115.0 Telnet access to the 172.20.0.0 network.
• All Telnet traffic destined for 172.20.0.0 from any network will be denied access.
• Network 192.28.115.0 is denied Telnet access to the 172.20.0.0 network.
• Network 172.20.0.0 is denied Telnet access to the 192.28.115.0 network.
• All FTP and HTTP traffic destined for 172.20.0.0 will be permitted access.

41. What are the features of a serial interface on a router? (Choose two.)
• enabled by default
• assigned a unique MAC address
• must be configured as a DCE in lab and production environments
• must be configured with the default clock rate of 56000
• may be administratively enabled by using the no shutdown command
• must be configured with a valid IP address and subnet mask in order to forward packets


42. A network administrator has a console connection to the Fremantle router. Pings to Melville are successful, but pings to Cottesloe and Nedlands fail. What could be a first step in troubleshooting the problem?
• Use an extended ping from Fremantle to each router in the network.
• Use the show interfaces command from a Telnet session on Melville to check the connection to Cottesloe.
• Use the traceroute command to discover exactly which link in the network is down.
• Use the show cdp neighbors detail command from Fremantle to gather information about all Cisco routers in the network.


43. Hosts from the Limerick LAN are not allowed access to the Shannon LAN but should be able to access the Internet. Which set of commands will create a standard ACL that will apply to traffic on the Shannon router interface Fa0/0 implementing this security?
• access-list 42 deny 172.19.123.0 0.0.0.255 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 42 permit any
• access-list 56 deny 172.19.123.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 56 permit any
• access-list 61 deny 172.19.123.0 0.0.0.0
access-list 61 permit any
• access-list 87 deny ip any 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 87 permit ip any

44. What are two recommended uses of login banners? (Choose two.)
• to display security warning messages
• to welcome any user to the router
• to warn people about misusing privileged EXEC mode
• to identify circuits and other devices connected to the router
• to announce a scheduled system shutdown

45. What are some reasons to change the configuration register setting?
• to force the system to ignore the configuration file stored in NVRAM
• to monitor password changes
• to change the POST sequence
• to force the router to boot the IOS from NVRAM
• to force the system into ROM monitor mode

46. Why are routed protocols important to networking? (Choose two.)
• Routed protocols detect collisions and fragments.
• Routers use routed protocols to calculate the best path to a destination.
• Routed protocols transport data across the network.
• The fields and formats used within a packet are defined by routed protocols.
• Routed protocols are used to configure the metrics used by routing protocols.


47. Refer to the exhibit. Assuming default metrics are used and the network is fully converged, which path will RIP use to send a packet from Router A to Router F?
• A, D, E, F
• A, B, D, E, F
• A, C, D, E, G, F
• A, B, D, E, G, F


48. Router A and Router B have been correctly configured to use RIP as a dynamic routing protocol and all intefaces on Router A and Router B are reporting "interface is up, line protocol is up" status. RIP is then configured on Router C using the following commands:

RouterC(config)# router rip
RouterC(config-router)# network 192.168.4.0
RouterC(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0

If no additional routing is configured on Router A, Router B, and Router C, what will be the result?
• Networks 192.168.12.0/24, 192.168.4.0/24, and 172.16.0.0/16 will be unreachable from Router A.
• Router A will have no knowledge of network 192.168.12.0/24, but will have routes to networks 192.168.4.0/24 and 172.16.0.0/16.
• All networks shown in the graphic will be reachable by Router A, Router B, and Router C.
• Networks 192.168.4.0/24 and 172.16.0.0/16 will be unreachable from Router A and Router B.

CCNA 2 - Module 11 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Module 11 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

1. Which statements are true regarding the meaning of the access control list wildcard mask 0.0.0.7? (Choose two.)
• The first 29 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
• The last three bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
• The first 32 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
• The first 29 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
• The last four bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.

2. The router IOS tests each condition statement in an ACL in sequence. Once a match is made, which of the following occurs? (Choose two.)
• The entire ACL must be deleted and recreated.
• The accept or reject action is performed.
• The packet is forwarded to the next hop.
• The remaining ACL statements are not checked.
• The router goes through the list again to verify that a match has been made.

3. Which of the following are reasons to use ACLs? (Choose three.)
• to provide a basic level of security for network access
• to speed up network performance by filtering priority packets
• to preserve bandwidth by providing a mechanism for traffic flow control
• to decide which packets are forwarded or blocked at the router console port
• to screen certain hosts to either allow or deny access to part of a network
• to allow all packets passing through the router access to all parts of the network

4. Which of the following parameters can ACLs use to filter traffic? (Choose three.)
• packet size
• protocol suite
• source address
• destination address
• source router interface
• destination router interface

5. Create a standard ACL that will deny traffic from 192.5.5.25 to the 210.93.105.0 network but will allow traffic from all other hosts. (Choose two.)
• Router(config)# access-list 22 deny 192.5.5.25 0.0.0.0
• Router(config)# access-list 22 deny host 192.5.5.25 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# access-list 22 permit any any
• Router(config)# access-list 22 deny 192.5.5.25 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# access-list 22 permit any
• Router(config)# access-list 22 deny host 192.5.5.25
Router(config)# access-list 22 permit any
• Router(config)# access-list 22 deny 192.5.5.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)# access-list 22 permit any


6. Select the commands that will apply the ACL in the diagram to filter traffic going to the 192.168.2.0 network.
• Router1# configure terminal
Router1(config)# access-list 10 in E0
• Router1(config)# interface ethernet 0
Router1(config-if)# access-list 10 in
• Router2(config)# interface s1
Router2(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out
• Router2(config)# interface ethernet 0
Router2(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out
• Router1(config)# interface ethernet 0
Router1(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out
• Router2# configure terminal
Router2(config)# access-group 10 out


7. Create an access list that will prevent only the host 192.5.5.148 from accessing a web site located at 210.93.105.50.
• access-list 10 deny tcp host 192.5.5.148 host 210.93.105.50 eq 80
access-list 10 permit tcp any any
• access-list 10 deny tcp 192.5.5.148 0.0.0.0 210.93.105.50 0.0.0.0 eq 23
access-list 10 permit tcp any any
• access-list 100 deny tcp 192.5.5.148 0.0.0.0 210.93.105.50 0.0.0.0 eq 80
access-list 100 permit tcp any any
• access-list 100 deny tcp 192.5.5.148 0.0.0.255 210.93.105.50 0.0.0.255 eq 80
access-list 100 permit tcp any any
• access-list 100 deny tcp host 192.5.5.148 255.255.255.255 210.93.105.50 255.255.255.255 eq 80
access-list 100 permit tcp any any


8. Assuming the ACL in the graphic is correctly applied to an interface, what effect will this ACL have on network traffic?
• Host 192.168.15.4 will be denied ftp access to any destination, but will be permitted all other access.
• All ftp traffic to host 192.168.15.4 will be denied.
• All traffic from that interface will be denied.
• No traffic will be denied because a "permit" statement does not exist in this ACL.

9. Select the correct statements about extended ACLs. (Choose two)
• Extended ACLs use a number range from 1-99.
• Extended ACLs end with an implicit permit statement.
• Extended ACLs evaluate the source and destination addresses.
• Port numbers can be used to add greater definition to an ACL.
• Multiple ACLs can be placed on the same interface as long as they are in the same direction.


10. An access list has been created that will deny the host 204.204.7.89 access to an ftp server located at 196.6.13.254.

access-list 111 deny tcp 204.204.7.89 0.0.0.0 196.6.13.254 0.0.0.0 eq 21
access-list 111 permit tcp any any

Which of the following groups of commands will place this ACL in the proper location?
• Router2(config)# interface s0/0
Router2(config-if)# ip access-group 111 in
• Router2(config)# interface fa0/0
Router2(config-if)# ip access-group 111 out
• Router2(config)# interface fa0/0
Router2(config-if)# ip access-group 111 in
• Router3(config)# interface fa0/0
Router3(config-if)# ip access-group 111 in
• Router3(config)# interface s0/1
Router3(config-if)# ip access-group 111 out
• Router3(config)# interface fa0/0
Router3(config-if)# ip access-group 111 out

11. Select the statements that describe ACL processing of packets. (Choose three.)
• An implicit deny any rejects any packet that does not match any ACL statement.
• A packet can either be rejected or forwarded as directed by the statement that is matched.
• A packet that has been denied by one statement can be permitted by a subsequent statement.
• A packet that does not match the conditions of any ACL statements will be forwarded by default.
• Each statement is checked only until a match is detected or until the end of the ACL statement list.
• Each packet is compared to the conditions of every statement in the ACL before a forwarding decision is made.

12. ACL statements operate in sequential, logical order. If a condition match is true, the rest of the ACL statements are not checked. If all of the ACL statements are unmatched, what happens to the packet?
• The packets will be placed in a buffer and forwarded when the ACL is removed.
• The packets will be sent to the source with an error notification message.
• The implicit permit any statement placed at the end of the list will allow the packets to flow through uninhibited.
• The implicit deny any statement placed at the end of the list will cause the packets to be dropped.

13. Which of the following matches an ACL identification number with the correct protocol?(Choose three.)
• 0 - standard IP
• 99 - standard IP
• 100 - extended IP
• 210 - extended IP
• 678 - extended IPX
• 888 - standard IPX


14. Assuming the ACL in the graphic is correctly applied to an interface, what effect will the ACL have on network traffic?
• All traffic to network 172.16.0.0 will be denied.
• All TCP traffic will be permitted to and from network 172.16.0.0.
• All telnet traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network to any destination will be denied.
• All port 23 traffic to the 172.16.0.0 network will be denied.
• All traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network will be denied to any other network.

15. The following commands were entered on a router:

Router(config)# access-list 2 deny 172.16.5.24
Router(config)# access-list 2 permit any

What can be concluded about this set of commands?
• The access list statements are misconfigured.
• All nodes on 172.16.0.0 will be denied access when these statements are applied.
• The default wildcard mask, 0.0.0.0 is assumed.
• The default wildcard mask 255.255.255.255 is assumed.

16. Choose the command that will correctly configure a standard ACL.
• Router# access-list 10 permit any
• Router# access-list 101 permit any
• Router(config)# access-list 10 permit any
• Router(config)# access-list 101 permit any
• Router(config)# access-list 10 permit any any

17. A router that has two Ethernet interfaces and one serial interface is configured to route both IP and IPX. What is the maximum number of IP ACLs that can be configured to filter packets on this router?
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 6
• 12

18. Choose the commands that will correctly configure a standard ACL. (Choose two.)
• Router(config)# access-list 97 permit host 192.5.5.1
• Router(config)# access-list 32 permit 210.93.105.3 0.0.0.0
• Router(config)# access-list 148 permit 201.100.11.2 0.0.0.0
• Router(config)# access-list 107 permit host 192.5.5.1 213.45.27.0 0.0.0.255 eq 23
• Router(config)# access-list 10 permit tcp 192.5.5.1 0.0.0.255 201.100.11.0 0.0.0.255 eq 80

19. Which statement is true regarding wildcard masks?
• The wildcard mask and subnet mask perform the same function.
• The wildcard mask is always the inverse of the subnet mask.
• A "0" in the wildcard mask identifies IP address bits that must be checked.
• A "1" in the wildcard mask identifies a network or subnet bit.

CCNA 2 - Module 10 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Module 10 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

1. What is used by UDP to determine if the data or header has been transferred without corruption?
• lower layer protocols
• checksum
• PAR
• sliding window
• acknowledgment and retransmission
• IP

2. Which authority has control over the assignment of port numbers for applications?
• IEEE
• IANA
• InterNIC
• Software Developers Association

3. Which of the following describe how TCP adds reliability to communication? (Choose three.)
• Hosts using TCP set up virtual circuits at the beginning of the transmission using the three-way handshake.
• Hosts using TCP set the error-checking frequency at the beginning of the transmission and maintain this frequency for the duration of the data transfer.
• When a sending host does not receive an acknowledgment within a timed interval it retransmits data.
• The receiving host acknowledges that it has received the expected number of segments and requests additional data.
• The receiving host acknowledges any incorrectly received data and requests retransmission of damaged or missing bytes.
• The sending host transmits each segment twice to ensure that data is not lost.

4. Which transport layer unit of information places the port number in the header?
• data
• segment
• packet
• frame
• bit

5. How are originating source port numbers assigned during the data encapsulation process?
• assigned manually by the user when starting the application
• assigned dynamically by the source host
• assigned by the routing protocol during the lookup process
• assigned by the destination host during session negotiation

6. Which of the following describe types of port numbers that can be represented in the headers of TCP and UDP segments? (Choose three.)
• connectionless
• well-known
• operational
• dynamic
• registered
• static

7. What does TCP use to ensure reliable delivery of data segments?
• upper layer protocols
• lower layer protocols
• sequence numbers
• port numbers

8. At which point in the transmission process are segments numbered?
• when received
• when reassembling
• before transmission
• while negotiating window size

9. Which of the following would an administrator do to defend against a denial of service SYN flooding attack? (Choose two.)
• Hide the source of incoming IP addresses.
• Decrease the connection timeout period.
• Synchronize all host communication.
• Increase the connection queue size.
• Flood the network with false SYN requests.

10. What is the purpose of Positive Acknowledgment and Retransmission (PAR)?
• PAR allows the presentation layer to request that data be resent in a format the destination host can process.
• PAR provides a mechanism for the receiving device to request that all segments be retransmitted if one segment is corrupt.
• PAR helps ensure that a number of data segments sent by one host are received by another host before additional data segments are sent.
• PAR is used to renegotiate the window size during the synchronization process.


11. What type of segment and data is shown in the graphic?
• a UDP segment carrying e-mail traffic
• a TCP segment carrying FTP traffic
• an IP segment carrying FTP traffic
• a UDP segment carrying web traffic
• a TCP segment carrying web traffic
• an IP segment carrying e-mail traffic

12. When a host receives a data segment, what allows the host to determine which application should receive the segment?
• IP source address
• IP destination address
• PAR
• sliding window
• port number
• SYN packet

13. Which of the following describes a type of denial of service attack designed to exploit the normal function of the TCP three-way handshake?
• A host sends a packet with a spoofed source IP address.
• A host sends a packet with an incorrect destination IP address.
• A source sends a packet containing a garbled header.
• A host sends an oversized packet that fills the memory buffers of the destination host.
• A host sends a packet that contains a virus.
• A host sends a packet that contains a worm.

14. A computer programmer is developing software that requires a reliable stream of data. Which protocol can be used in the software design to eliminate the need for building error detection and recovery into the application program?
• TCP
• IP
• ICMP
• UDP
• HTTP

15. Why is TCP considered a connection-oriented protocol?
• It establishes a virtual connection between hosts using a two-way handshake.
• It uses IP to guarantee delivery of packets between hosts.
• It requires hosts to go through a synchronization process prior to data transmission.
• It creates a connection that depends on application layer protocols for error detection.

16. What is used by both TCP and UDP when creating a segment?
• IP address
• MAC address
• IPX address
• socket or port number
• acknowledgment number
• sequence number

17. Which of the following are functions of the TCP protocol? (Choose three.)
• translation of data
• synchronization
• path determination
• flow control
• data representation
• reliability

18. What is the purpose of using port numbers in the transport layer?
• to identify the segment as being either TCP or UDP
• to provide reliability during data transport
• to identify the interface port number used by the router when forwarding data
• to track multiple conversations that occur between hosts

19. During the encapsulation process, in which order are the IP address, MAC address, and port number assigned when the router is establishing communication with the TFTP server?
• IP address, MAC address, port number
• MAC address, IP address, port number
• port number, IP address, MAC address
• port number, MAC address, IP address

20. What is dynamically assigned by the source host when forwarding data?
• destination IP address
• destination port number
• default gateway address
• source IP address
• source port number

21. What is the purpose of the three-way handshake that occurs between hosts using TCP as the transport layer protocol?
• to increase the number of packets that can be sent before an acknowledgment is required
• to allow a host to forward data to a router
• to establish a round trip connection between sender and receiver before data is transferred
• to provide a mechanism for data encryption and compression

22. Which of the following protocols uses UDP for transport layer services?
• SMTP
• HTTP
• DNS
• FTP

23. In the TCP header, which of the following determines the amount of data that can be sent before receiving an acknowledgment?
• segment number
• priority number
• window size
• value in the length field
• value in the port field
• acknowledgment number

CCNA 2 - Module 9 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Module 9 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

1. Which command will display routing table information about all known networks and subnetworks?
• Router# show ip interfaces
• Router# show ip connections
• Router# show ip route
• Router# show ip networks

2. Which three correctly pair a routing metric with its description? (Choose three.)
• hop count - the number of routers traversed to reach a destination
• bandwidth - the amount of time it takes a packet to travel a link
• load - the amount of activity on a link
• delay - the link speed
• reliability - the error rate on a link

3. Which of the following commands can be used to statically configure default routes? (Choose two.)
• ip static-route
• ip route
• ip network-route
• ip default-network
• ip default-static

4. Which of the following would be the default administrative distance of a static IP route that references the IP address of the next hop?
• 1
• 5
• 20


5. When the show cdp neighbors command is issued from Router C, which devices will be displayed in the output?
• D, SWH-2
• A, B, D
• SWH-1, SWH-2
• B, D
• SWH-1, A, B
• A, B, D, SWH-1, SWH-2


6. The network administrator shown in the exhibit can ping the E0 interface of the HAR router, but the telnet intranet.xyz.com command issued from the administrator's workstation fails to open a session with the intranet.xyz.com server. What are two possible causes of this problem? (Choose two.)
• upper-layer application problems
• domain name system problems
• IP addressing problems on the HAR router
• clock rate problems on the HAR router serial interface
• ICMP connectivity problems

7. A network administrator suspects that a network is not being included in the routing updates. Which command will provide information on when the next update is due and which networks are advertised in the update?
• Router# show interfaces
• Router# show controllers serial
• Router# show ip protocols
• Router# show ip route
• Router# show running-config


8. Consider the RIP network shown in the diagram. Which entries would be listed in the routing table of Router A?
• R 192.168.5.2[120/1] via 192.168.15.0, 00:00:09, Serial0
• R 192.168.15.0[120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:13, Serial1
• R 192.168.15.0[120/1] via 192.168.5.1, 00:00:13, Serial0
• R 192.168.5.1 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2 00:00:29, Serial1
R 192.168.15.0 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:29, Serial1
• R 192.168.5.1 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2 00:00:18, Serial0
R 192.168.15.2 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:18, Serial0

9. A network technician has discovered that a router in the network can no longer be reached. The technician attempts to verify Layer 1 functionality, but is unable to physically inspect the cables. Which command can be used to determine the type of cable connected to the router?
• Router# show interfaces
• Router# show controllers serial
• Router# show ip route
• Router# show ip protocol
• Router# show version
• Router# show running-config

10. Which two are true regarding the debug commands? (Choose two.)
• Debug commands may be issued from the user EXEC prompt.
• The command undebug all will turn off all debug operations.
• By default, the router sends the debug output and messages to the telnet session.
• The high processor overhead incurred using debug may disrupt normal router operation.
• The debug all command provides a summary view of router activity and can be used frequently for troubleshooting.
• The show debugging command will display current events such as traffic on an interface and error messages generated by nodes on the network.

11. After issuing the show interfaces command, a technician notices the line "Serial1 is down, line protocol is down" in the output. Which of the following are possible reasons for this message output? (Choose three.)
• There is a mismatch in the encapsulation type on both ends of the link.
• A Layer 1 issue exists.
• An interface problem exists.
• The clockrate was not set during configuration.
• There is no usable media for the protocol.
• Keepalive messages are not being sent.

12. Which of the following are advantages of using a static route? (Choose three.)
• secure operation
• highly adaptable
• low maintenance configuration
• low processor overhead
• precise control of path selection

13. Which ICMP message type notifies source hosts that a receiving host or network is not available?
• time exceeded
• redirect
• destination unreachable
• source quench
• parameter problem
• echo reply

14. During the lookup process when forwarding a packet, a router checks its routing table for the best path to the destination. If a route has an administrative distance of 0, what does this indicate to the router?
• The packet should be discarded.
• The destination is unreachable.
• The destination is a directly connected network.
• The source of the update for that route is unreliable.

15. Which items would be displayed when the show ip protocols command is executed? (Choose three.)
• sources of routing updates
• networks being advertised
• routing protocol up or down
• configured routed protocols
• Layer 2 status of the interface
• update timer values

16. Which of the following is a problem at the physical layer of the OSI model?
• incorrect file formatting
• incorrect encapsulation on a serial interface
• incorrect routing protocol
• incorrect cable type


17. After issuing the show interfaces serial1 command, an administrator notices an increasing number of carrier transitions. What are the possible causes for this increase? (Choose two.)
• There is an incorrect encapsulation configured on the interface.
• There could be an interruption in the line by the service provider.
• There is a faulty switch or CSU/DSU.
• There is noise on the serial line.

18. Why does a router build a routing table? (Choose two.)
• to list available routes for forwarding data
• to map local Layer 2 addresses to the remote Layer 3 destination address
• to dynamically send periodic updates regarding the router's status
• to prevent routing loops when redundant links are added to the network
• to select the best path to a destination

19. Which command will verify the functionality of all seven layers of the OSI model on a network host?
• ping
• debug
• telnet
• traceroute

20. The network administrator is using a PC to access a router via the router console port. Both the PC and the router are powered on and a cable has been connected between them. However, a session cannot be established. Which steps might fix this problem? (Choose two.)
• Verify the cable is properly connected at each end.
• Reseat the network card in the PC.
• Verify the cable is the correct type.
• Verify that a password has been set on the console line.
• Check the transceiver for link lights.
• Reseat the console card on the router.


21. When issuing the show interfaces serial1 command, a network administrator receives the output shown in the graphic. What are the possible causes of an increase in the number of input errors? (Choose three.)
• There could be Layer 3 addressing problems.
• There could be a problem with faulty telephone equipment.
• The router hardware could be defective.
• There is an incorrectly configured encapsulation on the interface.
• There could be a problem with the cabling.

22. Which of the following lines from the show interfaces output would indicate a Layer 2 problem?
• Serial1 is up, line protocol is up.
• Serial1 is up, line protocol is down.
• Serial1 is down, line protocol is down.
• Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down.


23. After issuing the command traceroute 192.168.4.2 from Router A, the following information is returned.

Tracing the route to Router_D (192.168.4.2)
1 Router_B (192.168.2.2) 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec
2 * * *
3 * * *

What can be concluded about the network shown in the graphic based on the output given?
• Network 192.168.5.0 is missing from the routing table on Router A.
• There is a problem with the connection between Router B and Router C.
• Router C is not running CDP.
• Some of the routers are non-Cisco devices.
• Router B was not able to return ICMP TEMs to Router A.

24. The show interfaces command provides line and protocol status information. Which of the following conditions would never occur in the output of this command?
• serial1 is up, line protocol is up
• serial1 is up, line protocol is down
• serial1 is down, line protocol is down
• serial1 is down, line protocol is up
• serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

CCNA 2 - Module 8 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

CCNA 2 - Module 8 Exam Version 3.1 Router and Routing Basics

1. Which devices along a data transmission path are notified by ICMP when delivery failures occur?
• source devices only
• destination devices only
• intermediary devices
• source and destination devices
• source, intermediary, and destination devices

2. Which two statements are true regarding ICMP? (Choose two.)
• ICMP provides reliability for the TCP/IP protocol stack.
• ICMP is a component of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
• ICMP notifies the sender that data transmission errors have occurred.
• ICMP is connection-oriented.
• ICMP messages are propagated to all intermediate devices.


3. Workstation 1 sent a data packet to Workstation 4. It never arrived because Fa0/0 interface went down on Router C. How will the devices handle this failure?
• Workstation 4 will send an error message to Router C and Workstation 1 that it did not receive the packet.
• Router C will use ICMP to send a message back to Workstation 1 indicating that the packet could not be delivered.
• Router C discards the packet without providing notification to any device.
• Router C uses ICMP to correct the failure and transmits the data to Workstation 4.
• Workstation 1 will use ICMP to correct the problem and then notify Router C to continue the transmission.

4. How does ICMP improve data transfer reliability in IP networks?
• Each router in the path reads ICMP packets and uses the information to update routing tables.
• ICMP can correct many network problems as they occur.
• ICMP error messages are returned to the sending device when a packet is dropped by a router.
• ICMP packets report the intermediary devices that a packet passed through before failure occurred.

5. Which three conditions must be met in order for host to host communication over an internetwork to occur on IP networks? (Choose three.)
• The routing protocols configured on the source and destination networks must be the same.
• A default gateway must be properly configured on the hosts and local networks.
• Intermediary devices, such as routers, must be present on the network and have knowledge of how to reach the destination network.
• The source and destination host subnet masks must match.
• The IP addresses of the hosts must be in the same network or subnet as their respective gateway devices.

6. Which condition could cause a fragmentation needed ICMP destination unreachable message to be sent?
• A low bandwidth WAN link has become congested with IP traffic.
• A packet is forwarded from a Token Ring network to an Ethernet network.
• A network is not reachable because of faulty routing information.
• The address specified by the sending host is nonexistent.

7. Which layer protocols provide reliability for IP when needed?
• ICMP and ping
• RIP and TTL
• upper layer protocols
• lower layer protocols
• Internet layer protocols
• network access layer protocols

8. When a datagram is processed by a router on the path from source to destination, what happens to the value in the TTL field?"
• It is increased by one.
• It is decreased by one.
• It stays the same.
• It is reset to 0.
• Nothing.

9. Which of the following start the test of destination reachability?
• echo request issued by source
• echo reply issued by source
• echo request issued by destination
• echo reply issued by destination

10. Which type of message is generated by a host when the ping command is entered?
• ICMP echo request
• ICMP echo reply
• UDP echo request
• UDP error message

11. How does a source host use ICMP to confirm that a destination host is reachable?
• The source host sends an ICMP echo request to the destination router which responds with an ICMP echo reply confirming the reachability of the destination host.
• The source host sends a data packet and receives an ICMP host unreachable packet from the destination host if the data packet cannot be delivered.
• The source host sends an ICMP packet with a TTL value of 1 and receives an ICMP reply with a TTL value of 0 from the destination host.
• The source host sends an ICMP echo request and receives an ICMP echo reply from the destination host.